采矿沉陷遥感调查与危害性研究

Remote sensing investigation of mining subsidence and harmfulness research

为了研究采矿沉陷危害,选择山东省济宁市东部煤矿矿集区为研究区,采用多期光学遥感数据与历史资料相结合的方法,辅以必要的现场调查和走访,进行采矿沉陷调查与危害性研究。结果表明:(1)研究区内采矿沉陷危害严重,截止到2013年,至少破坏了25.095 km2的土地,并造成24个村庄被迫搬迁;(2)总体来说,研究区内采矿沉陷灾害发展迅速,从2009—2013年,采矿沉陷积水面积共增加4.747 km2,2013年相对于2009年的增长率为23.33%;(3)就单个采矿沉陷来说,开始阶段来势猛、发展快、危害大;但快速发展之后,扩展的速度将逐步变缓,并逐渐过渡到自然平衡;(4)光学遥感技术完全可以用于采矿沉陷调查和危害性研究,并且其宏观、廉价等特点较好地弥补了地面调查的不足。

In this paper,aimed at the study of the hazards caused by the mining subsidence using remote sensing images,according to the research objective,the coal mine ore concentration located in the east of Jining City,Shandong Province of China was chosen as the study area. Multi stage optical remote sensing images and historical data were used,and necessary field survey were supplemented also. The results show that：（1） The mining subsidence in the study area is very serious. By 2013,at least 25. 095 km2 of land was destroyed,24 villages were forced to move;（2）In generally,mining subsidence developed rapidly in the study area. From 2009 to 2013,4. 747 km2 of mining subsidence water area was increased in total,and the growth rate was 23. 33%;（3） For a single mining subsidence,it is fierce,fast development,great hazard in the beginning. But after the rapid development,the expansion rate will gradually slow down,and gradually transit to the natural balance;（4） Optical remote sensing technique can be used to research and investigation of mining subsidence hazard,and the characteristics such as macroscopic and cheap could make up for the lack of ground survey.