机载LiDAR技术在地质调查领域中的几个典型应用

Typical applications of airborne Li DAR technique in geological investigation

作为一种新型的主动式对地观测手段,机载激光雷达(light detection and ranging,Li DAR)技术可获取高精度的地表三维数据,精细刻画真实的地貌特征,为地质领域中的地貌分析提供直接观测数据。围绕机载激光雷达技术的优势,结合其在地表塌陷、滑坡和断裂构造信息探测3个方面的应用示例,论述了机载Li DAR技术在地质调查领域中的实际应用情况。分析表明:机载Li DAR技术可在大尺度区域微地貌形态调查中发挥优势,能有效识别植被覆盖区的地表塌陷、滑坡边界和细微错断地貌,而且有利于进行地表塌陷填方量计算、滑坡稳定性评价、地貌参数和裂隙的几何定量信息提取等,在地质调查领域中具有广阔的应用前景。

As a new kind of active earth- observation system,the technique of airborne light detection and ranging（ Li DAR） can acquire accurate three- dimensional coordinates on the surface,and construct the real digital terrain model to provide the direct observation data for the landscape analysis in geological domain. Based on the advantage of Li DAR,the authors mainly deal with the applications of Li DAR data to such fields as surface collapse,landslide and fault structure extraction. It is shown that airborne Li DAR technology is becoming an indispensable tool for above- mentioned issues,especially in the local and large scale investigations of micro- topography. The technology can not only identify the surface collapse,landslide boundary and subtle faulted landform but also extract the filling parameters,the geomorphic parameters of landslide stability evaluation and cracks,thus having extensive application prospect in geological investigation.