唐代京畿鄉村小農家庭經濟生活考索

Study on Peasant Economy of Jingji( Chang'an City and Its Suburbs) in the Tang Dynasty

傳世文獻描述的唐代京畿地狹人稠,賦役繁重。本文借助介紹北方農業生產的《四時纂要》,輔以敦煌吐魯番社會經濟文書,構建起一户標準的小農家庭模型,設想在京畿區域内此家庭所能擁有的財產狀況,並討論五口之家的營生與生計,采用量化手段,對京畿的户均耕地占有量與畝產量進行估算,回應史書中對本區域"狹鄉"的定位。在此基礎上,對元和年間兩税法施行過程中本區小農户的年收入、支出進行微觀考察。定量研究發現,唐中後期京畿鄉村農民家庭的生活粗可自給,尚有盈餘;而與其他區域相比,近畿農户多適應城市需要,開展多種經營,與市場的關係密切,納税與市易中使用錢的比例較高。

According to the handed down historical material,the capital of Tang and its adjacent counties had characteristics such as scarcity of land,heavy taxes and corvée. In this paper,the author makes use of an ancient agricultural book called Sishi Zuanyao( 《四 時纂要 》),also Dunhuang and Turfan documents,constructs a peasant family model and put it into Jingji( 京 畿) area,and discusses about the financial situation and livelihood of this family. Through the use of metrology methods,the income and expenses of this family during the"Two Tax System"were estimated. Based on the above study,it is believed that even during the mid and late Tang Dynasty, the economic situation of peasant family in Jingji was not bad. Compared with other regions, peasants near Jingji carried out a variety ofbusiness,had close connection with the market,and the proportion of the use of coins in daily transactions was higher.