元代逃奴問題與國家權力

The Escape of Slaves and the Power of the State in the Yuan Dynasty

元代逃奴案件反映了元代社會的諸多特色,其中"軍驅"的逃亡與元代軍事制度乃至整個國家機器有密切的關係。在追捕逃奴的問題上,軍人通常能繞開地方政府,而普通使長則要受地方政府的限制。朝廷默許軍人追捕逃奴時有使用武力的方便,這是出於國家自身的需要。儘管朝廷也爲了使長的利益而制定逃奴問題的對策,但國家權力的支配遠遠淩駕於主奴關係之上。

The escape of slaves shows the features of the society in the Yuan Dynasty. When solders' slaves escaped from their masters,the military system would be weakened. Soldiers also had the convenience of not cooperating with local government when they needed to pursue and capture their slaves who had been fugitives,while other masters did not have such convenience. Soldiers had such convenience or right because of the need of the state. Actually,the power of the state dominated the masters' ownership of the slaves.