“95世妇会”后20年:中国在妇女与环境领域的成就与问题

China's Achievements and Challenges in the Field of Women and Environment:Twenty Years after the 1995 World Conference on Women

"95世妇会"之后的20年来,通过政府与非政府组织的共同努力下,我国在妇女与环境领域取得了长足进步,体现在以下方面:在政策法规制定中纳入性别视角;非政府组织推进妇女参与可持续发展和环保活动;妇女环保意识提高;妇女积极参与环境管理和决策,在环保政策中的影响增大等。但该领域还存在一些问题,如国家相关政策的制定与实施未充分实现社会性别主流化;妇女参与环境管理与决策的程度仍然偏低,质量待提高;农村妇女的环保意识欠缺;妇女预防和应对自然灾害的能力较低等。应从社会性别观点、立法上赋权妇女,提升妇女文化素质,制定相应的政策,普及应对自然灾害知识等方面着力解决妇女与环境发展问题。

The past twenty years since the World Conference on Women in 1995 have witnessed remarkable progresses in the field of women and the environment due to joint efforts of governments and NGOs. Achievements include steps to incorporate a gender perspective in national and local environmental activities,policies,plans and legislation; women＇s increasing participation in sustainable development and environmental protection promoted by NGOs; women＇s growing awareness of environmental protection; and a positive trend towards greater participation and involvement of women in environmental decision-making positions.However,a number of obstacles to further progress on women and the environment are identified,including ineffective social gender mainstreaming in policy making and implementation,low participation of women in environmental protection,management and decision making,lack of environmental awareness in rural areas,and low capability to prevent and cope with natural disasters among women. To solve these problems,we need to continue the promotion of gender equality,enable women to have more empowerment in environmental decision-making at all levels,and provide them with more access to resources,information,education and training.