论袁昶的图书分类思想——以其“永慕堂藏书目”为中心

On Yuan Chang's Ideas of Book Classification: A Study on The Book Catalogue of Yong Mu Tang

作为近代目录学史和图书分类学史上的重要人物,袁昶所编辑的"永慕堂藏书目"长期不为学界所了解。这部书目编辑、修订多年,前后形成了三个稿本,集中反映了袁昶图书分类思想的形成过程和变化轨迹,并在一定程度上成为晚清时期中国传统图书分类体系近代转型的历史缩影。他独创了18部分类法,所强调的是史学中以古鉴今、能为今人所用的部分,打破中国传统图书分类思路,按照西方近代学科来分科设目,探索如何通过确立新的图书分类法,建立起满足时代需要的新学术体系,充分表明袁昶对经世之学的强调与重视。

Yuan Chang was an important figure in the history of modern bibliography and book classification,yet The Book Catalogue of Yong Mu Tang that he compiled has long been ignored by the academic societies. After years of editing and revising,there have been three versions of the Catalogue,showing formation and changes of the ideas Yuan had in book classification. To some extent,it was a miniature of the transformation of the traditional book classification system in the late Qing Dynasty. Yuan classified the ancient books and records into 18 categories in a unique way,and gave great attention to practical learning of statecraft from which people should use the ancient ideas for today＇s reference. He explored the construction of a new academic system to meet the need of the time by establishing a new way of book classification,which shows his emphasis and attention to the thought of statecraft.