原子核结构研究的一些重要历史回顾与几个热点问题

Selected milestones and hot topics in nuclear structure researches

文章回顾了原子核物理研究中的几个重要里程碑.首先介绍了原子核的发现与组成,并概括了基于这些发现所进行的包括原子核质量与半径在内的粗块性质的研究,以及原子核壳层模型的建立.随后,从原子核壳层模型出发,总结了自旋对称性和赝自旋对称性等原子核微观结构的相关研究.作为核结构研究的重要领域之一,文章详细回顾了近半个世纪以来对于转动原子核的研究.最后结合21世纪核物理面临的机遇和挑战,对当前核物理的研究热点和重要课题进行了简要介绍.

Several important milestones and hot topics in nuclear physics researches are reviewed. The discoveries of the atomic nucleus and its components are introduced firstly, followed by the corresponding nuclear bulk properties, including the nuclear masses, and radii, and the establishment of the nuclear shell model based on these discoveries. By examining the spin-orbital potential leading to the nuclear shell model, the nuclear spin and pseudospin symmetries, are discussed. As one of the most important aspects in nuclear physics, the nuclear rotation excitation dated back to 1960s, is reviewed in detail. Finally the chances and challenges for nuclear physics in the twenty-first century are provided based on some selected hot topics and important issues in current nuclear physics frontiers.