人的全面发展与分工的消灭——“消灭分工”理论再理解

Human's Comprehensive Development and Division of Labor:Re-understanding the "Elimination of Division of Labor"

人的全面发展离不开其在生产关系中所处的分工地位。分工、私有制和异化劳动是密不可分的。马克思"消灭分工"理论中的"消灭分工"是指消灭非自愿的劳动分工,让劳动成为自主自觉的活动,而并非是要消灭分工的具体技术形式。这一目的只有在生产力高度发展的基础上才能实现,其具体途径是阶级对立日益尖锐而导致的无产阶级革命。《德意志意识形态》写作时期的马克思对"消灭分工"的某些判断和认识尚未达到其写作《资本论》时期的理论深度,仍存在一定局限性。回顾和重新认识这一理论对进一步探索实现人全面自由发展的新途径具有深刻的启发意义。

The comprehensive development of human being cannot be separated from the division of labor in the relations of production. Marx considered that the division of labor, private ownership and alienated labor are inseparable. In the analysis and criticism of the alienation of labor, Marx put forward the requirement of eliminating division of labor. Its concrete connotation is to eliminate the non voluntary labor division, then let the labor become a self-conscious activity, so it doesn＇t mean eliminating the specific forms of technology in labor division. This purpose can be achieved only on the basis of the high development of productivity, and the concrete way is the proletarian revolution which is caused by the growing class conflict. From a historical point of view, during the period of writing German Ideology, some of Marx＇s judgment and understanding of abolishing division has not yet reached the theoretical depth of the later period when he wrote Das Kapital, which means there are still some limitations. Reviewing and re-recognizing this theory has profound implications for us to further explore the new way of realizing human＇s comprehensive development.