论民事司法成本的分担

On Cost-Sharing in Civil Justice

司法成本既体现着正义分配的一般性原则,也展示着国家、当事人和市场间的合作与博弈。在整体上对民事司法成本解构,而非将其限缩为诉讼费用进行局部的观察分析,能够为审判成本和诉讼成本的分担找到正当化根据,并厘清公共成本与私人成本的界限。以此为基础的司法成本第一层次分担规则,致力于在国家司法公共资源投入和当事人诉讼负担之间建立平衡关系。以诉讼成本在当事人之间的分配为核心的第二层次成本分担规则,则既要为诉讼费用的分担设定公平正义目标,也要兼顾成本机制对诉讼制度的调节功能,在整体上促进司法制度的完善。司法成本第三层次的分担规则,则应注重发挥法律服务市场及社会组织在诉讼成本分担上的作用,其成效取决于职业伦理建设及法律规制。

Judicial costs embody the general principles of distributive justice,and also display cooperation and gaming between the state,litigants and the market.Breaking down the overall costs of civil justice,rather than carrying out partial observation and analysis that confines costs to litigation costs,can legitimize the sharing of trial and litigation costs and clarify the boundaries between public costs and private costs.This first-order rule of cost-sharing is intended to establish a balance between the input of the public resources of state justice and the costs borne by the litigant.The second-order rule of cost sharing centers on the distribution of litigation costs between litigants.It not only requires not only that we set up the goal of fair and just cost-sharing in litigation,but also that we take into overall consideration the adjustment function of the cost mechanism in litigation and pursue the general improvement of the justice system.The third-order cost-sharing rule should concentrate on giving full play to the legal services market and social organizations in litigation cost-sharing.Its success will depend on the development of professional ethics and legal regulation.