犯罪预备问题探究

An Inquiry into Problems under a Crime in Preparation

我国《刑法》第22条规定了犯罪预备应当受到刑罚处罚。这种普遍处罚的原则引起了实务与理论界的广泛争议。关于犯罪预备的可罚性问题争议最为突出,普遍处罚原则在法理根据与实践可操作性等方面存在着问题。各国的立法实践关于犯罪预备的规定主要有普遍处罚、例外处罚、不处罚三种类型。其中,解决犯罪预备问题的真正方式是立法上进行重构,确立例外处罚的原则;正确区分犯罪预备与预备犯等相似概念是厘清犯罪预备问题的一个重要方面;深入分析完善犯罪预备的构成要件是正确处理犯罪预备问题的关键。

Article 22 in China＇ s ＂criminal law＂ stipulates a crime in preparation should be punished. This prin- ciple of universal punishment has aroused widespread controversy in the field of practice and theory. It is be- lieved that the principle of universal punishment needs improvement in the legal basis and practical operation. Legislative practice of States on crime prepared has three types ： the universal punishment, punishment exception and no punishment. The real way to solve the problem of a crime in preparation is to reconstruct preparatory leg- islation, establishing exceptions to the principle of punishment, correctly distinguish similar concepts about a crime in preparation, clarifying criminal preliminary issues and investigate the constituent elements of criminal preparation in depth, properly handling the issue of criminal preparation.