“地点型”汉语存在句的功能语法研究

A Functional Study of the Locational Type of Chinese Existential Clauses

本文从加的夫系统功能语法的视角研究汉语"地点型"存在句,提出汉语有"简单载体"类、"受事—载体"类和"施事—载体"类三种"地点型"存在句,并对每一种存在句进行分类和句法—语义分析,认为它们句首的处所词是"补语"、"地点"、"主位"和"已知信息",句中的动词体现"地点型"关系过程,动词后的名词词组分别充当"简单载体"、"受事—载体"和"施事—载体",兼"主语"、"主语主位"和"信息焦点"。

The paper aims to approach the locational type of Chinese existential clauses from the perspective of the Cardiff model of Systemic Functional Grammar. It proposes that there are three categories of locational-existential clauses in Chinese—Simple Carrier type,Affected-Carrier type and Agent-Carrier type,all of which have been further subcategorized on the basis of the verbs. The paper also conducts a syntactio-semantic analysis of the three types of existential clauses,which reveals that their initial locative elements serve as Complement,Location,Theme and Given Information; the verbs realize the locational type of the relational process; and their postverbal nominal groups function respectively as Simple Carrier,Affected-Carrier and Agent-Carrier and concurrently serve as the Subject,the Subject Theme and the information focus.