中心与边缘之间:巴别尔小说价值辨析

Between Center and Edge:On the Value of Babel's Novels

作为20世纪享有盛誉的小说大师,巴别尔在俄国文学史上占有重要的一席之地。其小说价值主要体现在四个方面:其一,在叙述诗学层面,它融合现实主义文学和现代主义文学的诗学理念,策略性地使多种文学传统和多样文化因子融为一体;其二,在文体美学层面,它以审美的力量消弥严肃文学与通俗小说的范畴界限,开创了俄国犹太文学的新局面;其三,在人文思想层面,它把阳光幽默的南俄写进20世纪俄国文学,为该世纪上半期的俄国犹太人撰写了一部悲伤的编年史;其四,在文化反思层面,它见证着离散及漂流的年代里,知识分子与作家共同的悲剧命运。巴别尔小说不仅可以触摸1920-1940年代俄国的社会历史和思想态势,亦可考察从"白银时代"文学向苏联文学的范式转型。

As a famous master of fiction in the 20th century, Isaac Babel occupies an important place in the history of Russian literature and the value of his novels is mainly reflected in the following four aspects. On the narrative poetics, it integrates the poetic ideas of realistic literature and modem literature, and blends many kinds of literary traditions and cultural factors into one. On the style aesthetic, it eliminates the boundaries between the serious literature and popular fiction with its aesthetic power, and creates a new situation for Russian Jewish literature. On the humanities, it takes the sunny and humorous south Russia into the 20th century Russian literature and writes a sad chronicle for Russian Jews during the first half of the 20th century. On the cultural reflection, it bears witness to the tragic fate of the intellectuals and writers in the age of the dispersion and the drifting. In a word, through Babel~ fiction, we can not only touch Russian social history and ideology from 1920 to 1940 years, but also study the transformation from the Silver Age literature to the Soviet literature.