摘要
目的探讨早期足月儿的围产期高危因素及新生儿期疾病特征。方法2013年1月至2013年12月,在郑州大学第三附属医院出生的足月活产新生儿共5468例。比较早期足月组(1933例)、完全足月组(3013例)和晚期足月组(412例)孕产妇的基本情况、妊娠期合并症及并发症发生率,分析早期足月分娩的危险因素。比较早期足月组(2033例)、完全足月组(3023例)和晚期足月组(412例),胎龄37~37周^+6亚组(695例)与38~38周^+6亚组(1338例)新生儿的基本情况及并发症发生率。采用单因素方差分析、LSD—t检验、Pearsonz。检验、校正χ^2检验、Fisher精确概率法、二元多因素logistic回归进行统计学分析。结果(1)孕产妇情况:比较早期足月组与完全足月组、晚期足月组孕产妇高龄(≥35岁)[21.1%(407/1933)、10,5%(317/3013)、6.8%(28/412),χ^2=127.690]、妊娠次数〉1次[63.1%(1220/1933)、47.3%(1425/3013)、39.6%(163/412),χ^2=147.668]、分娩次数〉1次[43.7%(844/1933)、23.1%(697/3013)、15.O%(62/412),χ^2=287.765]、剖宫产[75.2%(1453/1933)、56.2%(1693/3013)、54.1%(223/412),χ^2=196.348]、瘢痕子宫[27.9%(539/1933)、8.9%(267/3013)、1.5%(6/412),χ^2=396.521]、胎膜早破[20.6%(398/1933)、14.2%(428/3013)、10.2%(42/412),χ^2=47.217]、羊水异常[17.8%(344/1933)、12.3%(370/3013)、11.2%(46/412),χ^2=32.777]、妊娠期糖尿病[11.5%(223/1933)、5.9%(178/3013)、5.1%(21/412),χ^2=56.169]、胎位异常[9.5%(184/1933)、5.1%(155/3013)、2.9%(12/412),χ^2=43.511]、妊娠期高血压疾病[9.2%(178/1933)、3.5%(105/3013)、2.9%(12/412),χ^2=79.915]、多胎妊娠[5.1%(99/1933)、0.3%(9/3013)、0.0%(0/412),χ^2=147.860]、胎盘异常[7.6%(146/1933)、3.1%(92/3013)、2.7%(11/412),χ^2=57.739]、子宫肌瘤[4.9%(94/1933)、2.3%(68/3013)、0.7%(3/412),χ^2=35.0621的比例,早期足月组均分别高于完全足月组及晚期足月组(P值均〈0.016)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,多胎妊娠(OR=21.736,95%CI:10.785-43.806)、癜痕子宫(OR=3.302,95%CI:2.679~4.071)、妊娠期高血压疾病(OR=2.658,95%CI:2.040-3.465)等为早期足月分娩的主要危险因素。(2)新生儿情况:早期足月组以下并发症的比例不同于完全、晚期足月组:高胆红素血症[12.5%(255/2033)、3.9%(119/3023)、4.9%(20/412),χ^2=138.343]、感染性疾病[4.3%(88/2033)、2.0%(59/3023)、1.7%(7/412),χ^2=27.122]、窒息[3.0%(60/2033)、1.4%(42/3023)、1.0%(4/412),χ^2=17.7951、脑损伤[2.3%(46/2033)、0.5%(15/3023)、1.0%(4/412)]、呼吸窘迫综合征[1.1%(23/2033)、0.2%(5/3023)、0.0%(0/412)]、喂养问题[2.0%(41/2033)、0.3%(10/3023)、1.0%(4/412)]、外科疾病[2.0%(41/2033)、0.9%(28/3023)、1.5%(6/412),χ^2=10.709]、颅内出血[1.9%(39/2033)、0.9%(26/3023)、0.5%(2/412),χ^2=13.263]、湿肺[0.9%(19/2033)、0.4%(11/3023)、0.5%(2/412)](P值均〈0.05)。早期足月儿以上并发症的发生比例均高于完全足月儿,但仅高胆红素血症及感染性疾病的发生率高于晚期足月儿(P值均〈0.016)。胎龄37~37周“组新生儿重症监护病房入住率[24.5%(170/695)、11.5%(153/1338),χ^2=57.729]、高胆红素血症[19.0%(132/695)、9.2%(123/1338),χ^2=40.046]、感染性疾病[6.2%(43/695)、3.4%(45/1338),χ^2=8.807]、脑损伤[4.0%(28/695)、1.3%(1811338),χ^2=14.828]、呼吸窘迫综合征[2.0%(14/695)、0.5%(9/1338),χ^2=7.329]、喂养问题[3.2%(22/695)、1.5%(20/1338).χ^2=6.271]、颅内出血[3.2%(22/695)、1.3%(17/1338),χ^2=8.684]、湿肺[1.7%(12/695)、0.5%(7/1338),χ^2=7.049]等的比例均高于胎龄38-38周^+6组(P值均〈0.05)。结论多胎妊娠、瘢痕子宫、妊娠期高血压疾病是早期足月分娩的前3位危险因素。早期足月儿生后多种并发症的发生率高于完全足月组新生儿,其出生后更有可能入住NICU。应采取相关措施减少早期足月分娩的发生,并加强早期足月儿的随访管理。
Objective To explore the perinatal risk factors and clinical characteristics of complications of early term neonates. Methods Data of 5 468 live term newborns and their mothers hospitalized in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2013 to December 2013 were analyzed. Background information, morbidity and complications of the mothers were compared among early, full and late term groups (n=l 933, 3 013, 412, respectively). And background information and incidence of complications were also investigated among neonates of early, full and late term groups (n=2 033, 3 023,412, respectively), and neonates born between 37-37+6 (n=695) and 38-38+6 weeks (n=1338). One-way analysis of variance, LSD-t test, logistic regression analysis, Chi-square or Fisher exact test, Pearson Chi-square test, corrected Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results 1. Comparison among the early, full and late term group showed that higher proportions of elder gravida [21.1%(407/1 933), 10.5%(317/3 013), 6.8%(28/412), χ^2=127.690], multipara [43.7%(844/1 933), 23.1%(697/3 013), 15.0%(62/412), χ^2=287.765], scarred uterus [27.9%(539/1 933), 8.9%(267/3013), 1.5%(6/412), χ^2=396.521], higher incidence of cesarean section [75.2%(1453/1933), 56.2%(1 693/3 013), 54.1%(223/412), χ^2=196.348], hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy [9.2%(178/1 933), 3.5%(105/3 013), 2.9%(12/412), χ^2=79.915], multiple pregnancy[5.1%(99/1 933), 0.3%(9/3 013), 0.0%(0/412), χ^2=147.860], gravidity〉1[63.1%(1 220/1 933), 47.3%(1425/3 013), 39.6%(163/412),χ^2=147.668], premature rupture of fetal membranes[20.6%(398/1 933), 14.2%(428/3 013), 10.2%(42/412), χ^2=47.217], abnormal amniotic fluid[17.8%(344/1 933), 12.3%(370/3 013), 11.2%(46/412), χ^2=32.777], gestational diabetes mellitus[11.5%(223/1 933), 5.9%(178/3 013), 5.1%(21/412), χ^2=56.169], abnormal presentation [9.5%(184/1 933), 5.1%(155/3 013), 2.9%(12/412), χ^2=43.511], abnormal placenta [7.6%(146/1 933), 3.1%(92/3 013), 2.7%(11/412), χ^2=57.739], hysteromyoma[4.9%(94/1933), 2.3%(68/3 013), 0.7%(3/412), χ^2=35,062] in the early term group than in the full and late term group, respectively ( all P〈0.016). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that multiple pregnancy (OR=21.736, 95%CI: 10.785-43.806),scarred uterus (OR=3.302, 95%CI: 2.679-4.071) and hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy(OR=2.658, 95%CI: 2.040-3.465) were the leading three perinatal risk factors for early term delivery. 2. The incidence of the following neonatal conditions were different among early, full and late term infants (all P〈0.05): hyperbilirubinemia [12.5%(255/2 033), 3.9%(119/3 023), 4.9%(20/412), χ^2=138.343], infectious diseases [4.3%(88/2 033), 2.0%(59/3 023), 1.7%(7/412), χ^2=27.122], asphyxia[3.0%(60/2 033, 1.4%(42/3 023), 1.0%(4/412), χ^2=17.795], brain damage [2.3%(46/2 033), 0.5%(15/3,023), 10.%(4/412)], respiratory distress syndrome [1.1%(23/2 033), 0.2%(7/3 023), 0.0%(0/412)1, feeding problems [2.0%(41/2 033), 0.3%(10/3 023), 1.0% (4/412) ], surgical diseases[2.0%(41/2 033), 0.9%(28/3 023), 1.5%(6/412), χ^2=0.709], intracranial hemorrhage [1.9%(39/2 033), 0.9%(26/3 023), 0.5%(2/412 ) ,χ^2=13.263], wet lung [0.9%(19/2 033), 0.4%(11/3 023), 0.5%(2/412)]. Incidences of the above complications in the early term infants were all higher than in the full term infants, but when compared with the later term infants, only that of hyperbilirubinemia and infectious diseases was higher (all P〈0.016 ) . Incidence of admission ot NICU [24.5%(170/695) vs 11.5%(153/1 338), χ^2=57.729], hyperbilirubinemia [19.0%(132/695) vs 9.2%(123/1 338),χ^2=40.046], infectious diseases[6.2%(43/695) vs 3.4%(45/1 338), χ^2=8.807], brain damage[4.0%(28/695) vs 1.3%(18/1338), )f=14.828], and NRDS[2.0%(14/695) vs 0.5%(9/1 338),χ^2=7.329], feeding problems [3.2%(22/695) vs 1.5%(20/1 338), χ^2=6.271], intracranial hemorrhage [3.2%(22/695) vs 1.3%(17/1 338), χ^2=8.684], wet lung [1.7%(12/695) vs 0.5%(7/1 338),χ^2=7.049] of the early term infants born at 37-37^+6 weeks were all higher than those born at 38-38^+6 weeks(all P〈0.05). Conclusions Multiple pregnancy, scarred uterus and hypertensive disorder of pregnancy are the three leading perinatal risk factors of early term delivery. The incidence of neonatal complications among early term infants are higher than those among full term infants, and early term infants are more likely to stay in NICU. We should take preventive measures to decrease the rate of early term delivery and improve the follow-up management of early term infants.
出处
《中华围产医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
2016年第3期212-218,共7页
Chinese Journal of Perinatal Medicine
基金
2013年郑州市科技局科技创新团队项目(131PCXTD62I)
关键词
婴儿
新生
婴儿
早产
围产期
危险因素
重症监护病房
新生儿
婴儿死亡率
Infant, newborn
Infant, premature
Peripartum period
Risk factors
Intensive care units, neonatal
Infant mortality