考虑多种上网价格规制的光伏微网运营对比研究

PV-Based Microgrid Operation Contrastive Research Considering On-Grid Power Tariff Regulation

光伏微网是促进光伏就地消纳利用,发挥分布式光伏发电系统效能的有效方式。在光伏微网发展进程中,微网成本-收益的非对称性和光伏发电的正外部性会导致光伏微网投资效益不明显,必须由政府进行干预以扶持其发展,上网价格规制为其中最有效的方式。当前,我国短时间内大幅提高可再生能源发电比例,在政策制定上缺乏系统规划,造成规制效率水平低,不能充分发挥规制工具对光伏微网投资运营的指导作用。因此,该文对不同电价场景下上网电价规制类型对微网各主体收益的影响进行分析。首先,建立微网商业模型,分析微网运营模式及各主体收益分配;其次,基于价格信号构建多场景,即用户电价分别为固定电价和分时电价,上网电价分别为固定电价模型、固定溢价模型和可变溢价模型,提出多场景下微网内储能的充放电策略及整体运行策略,并进行时序仿真,得出典型日内不同微网主体间能量交换关系及收益分配;最后,对多场景下电价模型对各主体收益的影响进行灵敏度分析;将模型应用于广东某微网,验证了所述方法的有效性和可行性,对有关部门进行不同电价场景下微网上网电价的规制决策有较好的借鉴意义。

The photovoltaic-based microgrid （PV-MG） is an effective way to promote the utilization of solar energy locally and develop the efficiency of distributed photovoltaic power generation system. However,in the development of PV- MG, the asymmetry characteristics of the cost-benefit of microgrid and the positive externalities of photovoltaic generation make its investment income benefit not obvious, which must be corrected by government regulation to support its development. On-grid power tariff （OPT） regulation is one of the most effective ways. Currently, in order to improve the proportion of renewable energy generation, the regulation of PV-MG is lack of system planning and has low effective level, which cannot give full play to the guiding role of the regulation tool on the business investment of PV-MG. Thus, this paper studies the influence of OPT regulation type on the investment and multi-agent income distribution of PV-MG under different price scenarios. Firstly, we construct the business model of PV-MG and analyze the operation mode and multi-agent income distribution of PV-MG. Then, we establish multi-scenarios based on price signal, in which the user electricity price are divided into fixed price and time-of-use （TOU） price, the on-grid power price are divided into fixed OPT （FOPT）, constant premium OPT （CPOPT） and variable premium OPT （VPOPT）. We propose the charging and discharging strategy of energy storage and overall operation strategy of microgrid under the multi-scenarios, and carry out the timing simulation to obtain the energy exchange and income distribution among microgrid subjects on typical day. Finally, we make sensitivity analysis of price models＇ impact on multi-agent income under multi-scenarios, and apply the model in a microgrid in Guangdong province to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method, which can provide reference to the OPT regulation decision of microgrid under different electricity price scenarios for related departments.