纳米纤维素补强橡胶研究进展

Research Progress in Nanocellulose as a Rubber Reinforcing Filler

纳米纤维素作为一种兼具环境友好、可降解、来源广泛以及可制备出不同形态和性能的纳米颗粒等特点的新型补强填料,近年来在高分子领域引起了极大的关注,但大部分研究局限于塑料领域,鲜见于补强橡胶.纳米纤维素补强橡胶不仅可改善橡胶的力学性能(提高橡胶的强度、模量),而且对橡胶的加工性能有积极影响,与此同时还能赋予橡胶可降解特性,减轻由传统填料补强橡胶所带来的环境污染压力.目前国内外纳米纤维素补强橡胶的研究主要集中在力学性能方面,也有少量关于吸水性能、阻隔性能、导电性以及动态力学性能等的报道.纳米纤维素由于表面较多的羟基而呈较强的极性,寻找高效且简易的方法对其表面改性以改善其在基体内的分散以及与橡胶基体的相容性,仍是目前亟待解决的问题.文中主要综述国内外在纳米纤维素补强橡胶方面的研究进展、笔者所在课题组在纳米纤维素替代炭黑或白炭黑补强橡胶方面所做的系列工作,以及纳米纤维素补强橡胶作为轮胎用橡胶的应用前景.

As a new type of reinforcing filler with environment friendliness,biodegradability,extensive sources and formability for various nanoparticle forms and properties,nanocellulose has been paid much attention to in the field of polymer.However,most studies on nanocellulose focus on its application to plastic rather than to rubber.In fact,nanocellulose in rubber can improve not only such mechanical properties as strength and modulus but also the processing properties.It also gives good biodegradability for rubber,thus reducing the environmental pollution caused by traditional fillers.At present,a large amount of researches have concentrated on the mechanical properties of nanocellulose-reinforced rubber instead of its hygroscopicity,barrier properties,electrical conductivity and dynamic mechanical properties.The hydrophilic nature and dispersion property in many non-polar matrixes of cellulose nanoparticles are the challenging obstacles in the fabrication of such nanocomposites.This paper summarizes the recent progress in the researches on nanocellulose-reinforced rubber at home and abroad,introduces the studies of the authors about the replacement of carbon black or silica with nanocellulose in rubber,and discusses the application prospects of nanocellulose-reinforced rubber to tires.