论海南“过火山”习俗及其社会文化功能——以南海塘村为例

On the Custom of“Leaping over Fire Hill”in Hainan Province and Its Social and Cultural Function——Taking Nanhai Tang Village as an Example

过火山习俗是海南省诸多乡村每年举行的重要集体仪式,是当地民间文化传承的重要载体。通过在海南省万宁市南海塘村的田野调查发现:一方面,过火山习俗作为一项民间集体性仪式,具有完整的仪式展演过程,包括仪式准备、仪式实施和仪式落幕三阶段,每一阶段都遵循着特定的仪式规范;另一方面,过火山习俗作为文化传承的载体,承载着集体的历史记忆,也呈现出深层次的文化意义,尤其在驱灾祈福、护佑村民平安、凝聚村落力量、区分他村和我村、传承集体记忆、对社会成员的教化和规范等方面发挥着重要的社会文化功能。

Hainan Province has a custom named'leaping over fire hill'.It is an important communal rituals in traditional culture with a long history.Through the investigation of Nanhai Tang Village,we found two aspects of this custom.On the one hand,the custom of'leaping over fire hill'is a communal rituals,which has a complete process of ceremony performances,including preparation,implementation and closing stages.Each stage follows certain ceremonies' rules.On the other hand,the custom of'leaping over fire hill'is a carrier of culture being spread and handed down,presenting a deep cultural significance,especially in praying for god,blessing the villagers,concentrating the power of the villagers,distinguishing between them and us,inheriting collective memory and educating social members.