“胜利式话语”与苏共意识形态的发展困境

“Victory Discourse”and the Development Dilemmas of the Soviet Communist Ideology

政治话语体系作为政党意识形态的语言表征,包含了语言、思维、情感、道德和符号等多个层面的内容,是政党维系内部团结、凝聚共识的重要工具。苏联共产党的政治话语体系突出地表现为"胜利式话语",其强烈的社会鼓动性、情绪的群体渲染性和发展的肯定式判断,为苏联一跃而成为超级大国提供了强大思想动力。但在苏联社会内部矛盾不断累积的情况下,苏共意识形态面临三个"难以应对"的发展困境:意识形态发展的不断僵化难以应对开放社会多元意见的挑战;意识形态发展的不断虚夸难以应对苏联社会心理挫折的挑战;意识形态"犬儒化"发展难以应对从革命到治理转型的挑战。在戈尔巴乔夫启动改革使苏联从封闭社会走向开放社会的转型时期,"胜利式话语"反而为苏共消亡、苏联解体准备了社会思想土壤。

The political discourse system,as the linguistic representations of a political party＇s ideology,includes multiple levels of content,such as language,thought,emotion,morality and symbols,etc.,and is an important tool for a political party to maintain internal unity and build consensus. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union＇s political discourse is greatly characterized by ＂Victory Discourse＂,its strong social motivation,group emotional rendering,and positive judgment on social development provide powerful ideological motivation for the Soviet Union to become a super power.However,with the accumulation of the internal contradiction,the ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union is mainly faced with three development dilemmas that is difficult to deal with： the rigid ideology is hard to cope with the diverse opinions of an open society; the bluffing ideology is hard to cope with the challenges of the Soviet social psychological setbacks; the Cynicism ideology is hard to cope with the challenges of the transformation from revolution to the governance. The ＂Victory Discourse＂was totally counterproductive during the ther period of transition when Gorbachev started reforming and made the Soviet Union move toward an open society from a close society,and became one of the reasons for the failure and the collapse of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.