基于EST-SSR分子标记对香竹箐茶树王的遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Xiangzhuqing Tea King and Other Tea Trees Based on EST-SSR Markers

研究以树龄3200年的香竹箐茶树王为基础,应用27对引物对包括香竹箐茶树王在内的22份古茶树资源、44份野生茶树资源和18份栽培品种茶树资源进行了遗传多样性和亲缘关系的分析。结果表明,27对引物共扩增出190个基因型,91个等位基因,Shannon平均值为0.92。观测杂合度平均值0.52,期望杂合度平均值0.54,均大于0.50。PIC值在0.10～0.73,平均0.54,大于0.50。说明供试材料遗传差异大。香竹箐茶树王与古茶树、野生茶树和栽培型茶树中遗传相似性系数低于0.50的资源在每个群体分别占9.1%、29.6%和44.4%,说明香竹箐茶树王与野生茶树和栽培型茶树品种之间的遗传关系较远。聚类分析表明,84份材料按亲缘关系和地理来源分成了17个组,亲缘关系树状图在分子水平上显示了香竹箐茶树王与其他供试茶树资源之间的亲缘关系,为今后对香竹箐茶树王等宝贵茶树资源的保护、研究和开发提供有效的理论依据。

Based on Xiangzhuqing Tea King more than 3200 years old, 27 pairs of primers were applied to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 22 ancient varieties, 44 wild varieties and 18 cultivars including Xiangzhuqing Tea King. The results showed that 190 kinds of genotype and 91 alleles were amplified and average Shannon Index was 0.92. Average observe heterezygesity was 0.52 and average expected heterozygesity was 0.54. Both of them were over 0.50. PIC ranged from 0.10 to 0.73, average PIC was 0. 54, over 0.50. All of these showed that the level of genetic diversity of those varieties was high. Genetic identity below 0.50 between Xiangzhuqing Tea King and other varieties was 9.1% in ancient tea varieties, 29.6 % in wild tea varieties, and 44.4 % in cuhivars. The analysis showed that genetic relationship between Xiangzhuqing Tea King and ancient varieties was closer than others, and cuhivars were the farthest in all the varieties. The dendrogram showed a clear genetic relationship among those varieties. The results of above could be used in protection, research and uti- lization for these tea varieties.