铁皮石斛不同居群的农艺性状与化学成分的多样性研究

Studies on Diversity of Agronomic Traits and Chemical Compositions in Different Dendrobium Populations

对云南省收集到的36个铁皮石斛居群栽培植株进行多糖和生物碱的含量测定,并对不同居群的铁皮石斛的多糖和生物碱含量以及其农艺性状差异进行分析发现:各居群间的株高、叶长、叶宽、丛数、茎粗、石斛碱、多糖等差异极显著。株高最高的是广西石斛2号为19.36 cm,最矮的是文山石斛4号为3.04 cm。茎粗最粗的是增靓石斛为0.74 cm,最细的是文山石斛2号为0.28cm。多糖含量最多的是浙江石斛4号为0.095 mg,与浙江石斛5号和浙江石斛3号差异不显著,与大金石斛等32个居群差异极其显著;多糖含量最少是文山石斛2号为0.085 mg,与英茂石斛差异不显著,与瑞丽石斛2号等33个居群差异极其显著。生物碱含量最多的是文山石斛2号为0.0054 mg,与巨丰石斛差异不显著。分析表明,英茂石斛、标准药典石斛和增靓石斛3个居群是农艺性状好且多糖及生物碱含量较高的优质铁皮石斛资源,可以为今后铁皮石斛的优良品种选育、种植推广提供原料。

The contents of polysaccharldes and alkaloids and the agronomic traits of 36 dendrobium populations were determined and ana- lyzed. It showed that there were extremely significant differences of plant height, leaf length, leaf width, cluster number, stem diameter, dendrobine and polysaccharides among these populations. The plant height of Guangxi dcndrobium 2 was the highest （ 19.36 cm） and the Wenshan dendrobium 4 was the shortest （3. 048 cm）. The stem diameter of Zenghang dendrobium was the biggest （0.76 cm）, and the Wenshan dendroblum No. 2 was the smallest （0.28 cm）. The polysaccharide content of Zbejiang dendrohium No. 4 was the largest （0.095 mg）, and it was no significantly different with Zhejiang dendrobium 5 and Zhejiang dendrobium 3, but was significantly different with other 32 populations. The polysaccharide content of Wenshan dendrobium No. 2 was the least （0. 085 mg）, and it was no significantly different with Yingmao dandrobium, but was significantly different with other 33 populations. The alkaloid content of Wenshan dendrebium No. 2 was the largest （0.0054 rag）, and it was no significantly different with Jufeng dendrobium. Clustering analysis results showed that Yinmao den- drobium, Pharmacopoeia dendrobium and Zenliang dandrobium had good agronomic traits and higher polysaccharides and alkaloids. These three populations could be highly-qualified resources for breeding and planting.