施肥对贝斯莉斯克臂形草种子生产性能的影响

Effect of Fertilizer Application on Seed Production of Brachiaria decumbens 'Basilisk'

为获得云南开展贝斯莉斯克伏生臂形草(Brachiaria decumbens‘basilisk’)种子生产的最佳施肥量,本研究以施氮量(N)、施磷量(P)和施钾量(K)为决策变量,采用三因子2次通用旋转组合设计了15个氮磷钾施肥组合,研究不同施肥处理对贝斯莉斯克伏生臂形草种子产量、千粒重和种子生活力的影响。结果表明,氮肥是臂形草种子生产的关键因素,结合适量的磷钾肥和当地的土壤养分背景情况,才能获得最佳的种子产量。在低P或低K情况下,施用N肥能提高伏生臂形草的种子生产性能;而在高P或高K情况下,施N对改善臂形草种子生产性能效果很小或起到负面效果;在高N水平下,施K对提高种子千粒重有一定作用;在不同K水平下,合理施P肥才可以获得增产效果。尿素250 kg/hm2+过磷酸钙350 kg/hm2+硫酸钾270 kg/hm2是云南开展贝斯莉斯克伏生臂形草种子生产的最佳施肥组合。

In order to find out the optimal fertilization application of Brachiaria decumbens ＇ basilisk＇ for seed production in Yunnan prov- ince, the application of nitrogen,phosphate and potassium was chosen as the control variables with 15 treatments of N, P and K designed by using three factors quadratic general rotary combination, expecting to learn the effect on seed yield, 1000 seeds weight and seed viability un- der different fertilization application. The results showed that nitrogen was the key factor of seed production of basilisk. In addition, the rea- sonable application of phosphate and potassium based on local soil nutrient background was the key technology in the ＇ basilisk＇ seed produc- tion. N application could improve the seed production performance of ＇ basilisk ＇ at the lower P or lower K levels, while it could not increase seed production at the higher levels of P and K. K application could improve the 1000 seeds weight of ＇ basilisk ＇ at the higher levels of N. Only reasonable P application could improve the seed yield of ＇ basilisk＇ at the different levels of K. It was concluded that the 250 kg/hm2 urea, 350 kg/hm2 calcium superphosphate and 270 kg/hm2 potassium sulphate were the optimal fertilization applications for ＇ basilisk＇ production in Yunnan province.