野生曼陀罗生态学特性及镉铅携带量的研究

Study on Ecological Characteristics and Capacity of Carrying Cadmium and Lead in Wild Datura stramonium

采用样线法对豫北某铅冶炼厂周边野生曼陀罗生态学特性及富集转运携带镉铅的能力进行调查。结果表明:冶炼厂周边土壤受到镉铅污染,镉的污染程度大于铅。随着与企业距离的减小,镉铅污染程度增加,且植物多样性减少,而曼陀罗能正常繁衍生长,未表现出明显毒害症状,其生物量甚至还有所增加;曼陀罗不同部位镉铅含量,其总体趋势为叶>茎>根,叶片镉、铅含量最高可达46.89、446.75 mg·kg^(-1),地上部镉铅平均转运系数均大于1,具有较强的转运能力;其单株最大镉铅携带量分别为3.84、44.54 mg,地上部平均携带镉铅量超过90%,堪比一些超富集植物。曼陀罗生物量大、抗逆性强,在修复镉铅污染土壤中具有优势。

In this study, the ecological traits and capacity of carrying cadmium and lead of wild Datura stramonium around a lead smelter in northern Henan province by using line transect method was investigated. The results showed that the soil around smelter was contaminated by cadmium and lead, and soil contamination induced by cadmium was severe, the decrease in distance from the smelter could result in lead and cadmium pollution and reduce biadiversity, but Datura .stramonium could grow normally, with no damage symptoms, and there was a slight increase in its biomass. The contents of cadmium and lead in the plant were in order of leaf 〉 stem 〉 root, and the contents in leaves could reach 46.89 mg kg-1 （cadmium） and 446.75 mg kg-1 （lead）. Average transfer coefficient in shoots was greater than 1, suggesting its strong transport-capaclty; The whole plant with abovegroundcould carry up to 3.84 mg cadmium and 44.54 mg lead, accounting for 90 %, and similar to some hypcr-accumulator. Therefore, Datura stramonium, with large biomass and strong resistance, had advantages in the remediation of contaminated soil by cadmium and lead.