夏季不同修剪方法对樱桃生长发育的影响

Effects of Summer Different Pruning Methods on Development of Cherry

为了探讨影响樱桃生长发育的因素及机理,为树体管理提供理论依据,连续2年(2014—2015)对夏季不同修剪方法影响樱桃生长发育的效果进行研究。结果表明:(1)二年生母枝:修剪程度直接影响树体高度、树冠直径、树干高度、干周、修剪母枝(长度和直径)、新梢和二次梢等,其效果以剪去母枝顶端1/3为最好,其次是剪去母枝顶端1/4;着生位置直接影响二年生母枝(长度和直径)、新梢和二次梢等,其效果以顶芽母枝为最好,其次是次芽母枝。(2)不同年生母枝直接影响树体母枝(长度和直径)和新梢等,其效果以修剪一年生母枝为最好,其次是修剪二年生母枝。(3)一年生母枝着生位置直接影响树体母枝(长度和直径)和新梢等,其效果以顶芽母枝为最好,其次是次芽母枝。建议选择:(1)修剪程度以剪去母枝顶端1/3的修剪方法为主,配合剪去母枝顶端1/4的修剪方法;(2)选择进行一年生枝条和二年生枝条修剪时,以修剪一年生母枝为主,配合修剪二年生母枝为辅;(3)着生位置以顶芽母枝修剪为主,配合次芽母枝修剪为辅。

In order to explore the factors that can affect the growth of cherry and its mechanism, aims to provide the oretical basis for management of trees. 2 years in a row （2014--2015） of summer cherry growth impact of different pruning methods effect were studied. Results showed that： （1） The mother biennial branches, pruning degree directly affected the tree height, crown diameter, tree height, dry weeks （length and diameter） and pruning branches, new tip and the second pin, such as content, the effect to mother cut off branches at the top of a third best, second was mother cut off branches at the top of a quarter of the effect;Location were borne direct- ly affected the mother biennial branches （length and diameter）, new tip and the second pin, such as content, its effect to crown best mother branches, the second was the effect of the bud mother branch. （2） In different biological mother branches directly affected the mother tree branches （length and diameter） and the new shoots, etc, the effect to trim annual mother branch was best, second was the effect of pruning mother biennial branches. （3） The annual branches growing position directly affected the mother tree branches （length and diameter） and the new shoots, etc, the effect to crown mother branch was best, followed by the effect of the bud mother branch.Proposed choice： （1） The pruning degree to mother cut off branches at the top of a third of the pruning method is given priority to, cooperate with the mother cut off branches at the top of a quarter of the pruning method. （2） The choosing of annual and biennial branch pruning branches, give priority to with mother cut annual branches, parent cooperate clip biennial branches is complementary. （3） The position is given priority to with crown mother branch pruning, cooperate with the bud mother branch pruning is complementary.