企业技术创新生态系统的交错带研究

Study on the Ecotone of Enterprise Technology Innovation Ecosystem

技术创新是经济新常态下企业生存和发展的必然出路,以生态学理论研究技术创新问题为企业管理者提供了全新的视角。文章基于企业生态学、企业仿生学理论,对企业技术创新生态系统进行了分析,界定并概括了它的内涵和特征,提出了企业技术创新生态系统交错带的概念。通过分析国内外文献和相关创新的案例,认为交错带生态更丰富、生产力最高,但阻抗能力较弱、生态也最脆弱,创新的成功与失败取决于对交错地带的创新管理。文章分别对企业外部环境与研发、市场营销的交错带、研发与生产的交错带、生产与市场营销的交错带进行分析,指出要重视企业技术创新生态系统两头与外部环境结合的部分,重视系统内部各部门之间的联结,才能形成一体化创新,这将有助于进一步提高企业的创新能力,降低失败的风险。

The technological innovation is an inevitable method for enterprises to survive and develop with the background of the new normal economic situation. A new perspective for managers in enterprises is provided through studying the questions about technological innovations by ecological theories. Based on the enterprise ecology and the theory of enterprise bionics, the ecosystem of technological innovation for enterprises is analyzed systemically. The connotations and characteristics of the ecosystems of technological innovation are defined, and the concept of the ecotone of ecosystem with technological innovations for enterprises is proposed. Through studying foreign or domestic literatures and related innovational cases, the ecological resource is more abundant in the area of ecotone with the most effective productivity. However, the resistive ability is relatively weak with the most vulnerable ecological situation. So,the innovational success or failure depends more on the innovational managements in the ecotone. The ecotones of external environment with RD, marketing, RD with production, production with marketing are analyzed. Also, the combinational parts of the both sides of the ecotone for technological innovation in enterprises and the external environment and the links among different departments within the system are of great importance, in order to form an integrated innovation, improve the ability of innovation for enterprises and reduce the risk of failure.