不同寄主来源腐烂病菌对枣树致病性研究

Study on the Pathogenicity of Cytospora spp. from Different Hosts to Jujube

【目的】明确枣树腐烂病菌来源,为生产综合防治提供理论依据。【方法】将不同寄主来源腐烂病菌分别接种于30%枣树树皮培养基、果实、枝条和田间接种枝条,观察并计算发病率、病斑扩展速度及产孢情况。【结果】在30%枣树树皮培养基上,不同寄主来源腐烂病菌均能在7 d内产孢,来源于柳树、苹果、沙枣、枣树腐烂病菌在30 d内先后产生橘黄色分生孢子角;来源于沙枣、枣树、胡杨及杨树腐烂病菌均能在枣果上产孢,来源于苹果和梨树腐烂病菌未在果实上形成产孢体;不同寄主来源腐烂病菌均能在枣树离体枝条上产孢并吐出分生孢子角,来源于桃树和沙枣树腐烂病菌在枝条上的侵染速度最快。田间枝条接种测定中来源于胡杨腐烂病菌病斑扩展速度最快,接种胡杨和梨树腐烂病菌的枝条在15 d内产生小黑点并吐出黄色分生孢子角。【结论】不同寄主来源腐烂病菌均能在30%枣树树皮培养基繁殖并能形成产孢体,并能产生分生孢子角;均能侵染枣树离体组织和田间健康枝条,但不同寄主来源腐烂病菌致病性存在明显差异。

【Objective】To clarify the source of Chinese jujube rot pathogen in order to provide the main basis for the comprehensive prevention and control of production.【Method】Different source host rot pathogens were inoculated in 30% jujube bark media,and fruit,branches and field inoculated branches were observed and the incidence,disease spot extending speed and spore production,etc. were calculated.【Result】In 30% jujube tree bark medium,different source host rot pathogens produced spore production within 7 days;Rot pathogen from willow,apple,elaeagnus angustifolia,jujube rot pathogen within 30 d successively produced orange conidium angle; Rot pathogen from elaeagnus angustifolia,jujube,peuphratica and poplar could spread fast spores on the jujube fruit; Rot pathogen from branches in the field derived from Euphrates poplar inoculation disease spot expanded the fastest. Rot pathogen on branches inoculated with euphratica and pear trees produced small black spots in 15 days and spitted out yellow conidium angles.【Conclusion】Different source host rot pathogens can be bred in 30% jujube tree bark medium and form spores,and produce conidium angle; they fully infect jujube with the in vitro and the healthy branches,but great difference exist in different source host rot pathogens.