新疆野扁桃休眠枝条和花芽的抗寒试验研究

The Study of Cold Resistance Test of Dormancy Branches and Buds of Amygdalus ledebouriana Schleche in Xinjiang

【目的】探讨新疆野扁桃休眠枝条和花芽的抗寒能力,为选育扁桃优质抗寒种质资源提供依据。【方法】以新疆野扁桃为试材,采用组织褐变法和恢复生长法,分析8个低温胁迫下(4、-15、-20、-25、-30、-35、-38和-40℃)野扁桃休眠枝条(1 a、2 a、3 a)和休眠芽的抗寒性。【结果】随着温度的降低,野扁桃休眠期枝条和花芽组织逐渐出现褐变,褐变程度逐渐加重。三种类型休眠枝条之间的褐变率呈显著或极显著差异。1年生的枝条褐变程度较2、3年生的枝条严重,其抗寒性较弱。当温度达到-35^-38℃时,三种类型的野扁桃枝条均发生严重褐变。野扁桃休眠期花芽受低温胁迫的影响较大,不同低温胁迫的休眠花芽萌芽率之间存在显著或极显著差异。野扁桃休眠花芽在-30^-38℃低温之间发生严重褐变,几乎丧失萌芽能力。【结论】野扁桃休眠枝条的半致死温度为-35^-38℃,野扁桃休眠花芽的半致死温度-38℃,影响野扁桃花芽的成活及开花的温度为-30^-38℃。

【Objective】In order to provide theoretical basis for breeding high quality and cold resistance germplasm resources of almond,this paper aims to study the cold resistance of dormancy branches and buds of Amygdalus ledebouriana Schleche in Xinjiang. 【Method】Amygdalus ledebouriana Schleche was taken as the test material,cold resistance of dormancy branches（ 1a,2a and 3a） and buds of A. ledebouriana Schleche in 8low temperature stress（ 4℃,- 15℃,- 20℃,- 25℃,- 30℃,- 35℃,- 38℃ and- 40℃） was assessed by using the tissue browning and recovery growth methods. 【Result】With the reducing of the temperature,dormancy branches and buds of A. ledebouriana Schleche＇s tissue browning began to emerge,and browning degree aggravated gradually. Among the three types of dormant branches,the browning rates were significant or very significant. One year old branches browning degree ＇was more serious than 2,3 years branches,and their cold resistance was weak. When the temperature reached 35 ℃-- 38 ℃,three types of A. ledebouriana Schleche＇s branches were seriously browning. A. ledebouriana Schleche＇s dormant buds were greatly influenced by the low temperature stress. The difference of germination rates between different low temperature stress of flower bud dormancy was significant or extremely significant. Serious browning appeared and germination ability was nearly lost in- 30℃-- 38℃.【Conclusion】The results showed that the lethal temperature of dormancy branches of A. ledebouriana Schleche was- 35℃ to- 38℃.- 38℃ was regarded as critical lethal temperature of dormancy flower buds of A. ledebouriana Schleche; the effecting temperature of flower buds living and flowering of A. ledebouriana Schleche was- 30 ℃ to- 38 ℃.