现代生态农业转型升级发展思路与对策研究

Studies on development ideas and countermeasures of modern ecological agriculture transformation and upgrading

我国现代农业取得令人瞩目的成就,主要农产品人均占有量接近或超过世界平均水平。但农业发展面临着严峻的挑战与诸多的制约,成本的提高、资源的紧张与环境污染压力都严重影响着现代农业的可持续发展。实践证明,农业要转型升级,必须转变发展方式,除了要把握6个重要环节,还要着力实施5个方面技术对策:(1)注重资源节约型与环境友好型技术研发及其集成应用;(2)注重构建标准化生产和经营体系;(3)注重"一产接二连三"产业联动以及农业多功能性开发;(4)注重农村适度规模经营,持续推进高优农业产业化;(5)注重依靠科技进步推动乡村农业转型升级。

China has made remarkable achievements in modern agriculture. Per capita main agricultural products has approached or surpassed average world level. However,agriculture development has been faced with severe challenges and quite a few restricts.Higher costs,resource shortage and stress by polluted environment are barriers against the sustainable development of modern agriculture. Practice has proved that in order to realize agriculture transformation and upgrading,development patterns must be changed.Therefore,five technical countermeasures should be conducted as follows.（ 1） Development and integrated application of resource saving and environment-friendly techniques should be enhanced.（ 2） Standardized production and management system should be built.（ 3） To summarize,further attention should be paid to the correlation between primary,secondary and tertiary industries,and multifunction agirultural development.（ 4） Appropriate agriculture scale operation should be developed and high-yield and excellentquality farming industrialization should be enhanced continuously.（ 5） Agriculture transformation and upgrading should be intensified relying on science and technology progress.