农业劳动力代际转换危机的效应分析与破解路径选择

Effects and solutions of intergenerational transformation crisis of agricultural labor force

农业劳动力代际转换危机为我国实现农业规模化、产业化和现代化提供了"减少农民"的历史机遇,但是其也存在对现代农业发展构成严峻挑战,减弱农产品有效供给,威胁国家粮食安全等负面效应。在对农业劳动力代际转换危机的效应分析基础上,探寻出农业劳动力代际转换危机的破解路径,主要包括以下4个方面:(1)鼓励留守农业劳动力渐进式退出农业生产;(2)在城乡之间构建起劳动力双向流动机制;(3)新生代劳动力务农行为的培育是当务之急;(4)推进农业科技要素对劳动力的替代。

Intergenerational transformation crisis of agricultural labor force provides the historical opportunity of decreasing farmers for China to realize the scale,industrialization and modernization of agriculture,but it has negative effects,such as,it poses a severe challenge to the modern agricultural development,reduces the effective supply of agricultural products and threatens national food security. According to the effect analysis on intergenerational transformation crisis of agricultural labor force,the approach to solve it is obtained in terms of the following：（ 1） encouraging the rural stay-at-home labor force to gradually withdraw from the agricultural production;（ 2） constructing the bidirectional flow mechanism between urban and rural areas for labor force;（ 3） to cultivate new generation labor farming behavior is a pressing matter of the moment;（ 4） to promote agricultural science and technology elements to replace labor force.