阅读理解命题应聚焦阅读思维素养评价

Reading Comprehension Test to Be Focused on the Assessment of Thinking Competence

阅读思维能力是阅读思维素养的具体反映，也是造成阅读者理解水平差异的主要因素。阅读理解命题应践行以能力立意、以素养为本的理念，通过科学地考查阅读思维能力来评价阅读思维素养。本文根据理解活动中的不同环节，将阅读思维能力分解为不同的类型，并解释了这些能力如何随着不同题目设计阶段关注范围的相继收窄而逐步“瘦身”。文章结合实例阐述了应如何针对不同方面的阅读思维能力设计题目，提出了命题过程中应注意的问题、要领和技巧。这些探讨将有助于建立并完善与阅读思维素养评价相适应的命题原则与试题评价标准。

Thinking abilities engaged in reading are reflections of particular thinking competence involved in reading. They are also the main factors that cause the differences in levels ofreaders＇ understanding of a text. So reading comprehension test paper makers should adopt the notion of competences as most valuedand act on the idea of basingquestion designs onattempts to rate abilities,aimingthe testat evaluationofthe thinking competence through scientificassessment of abilities engaged in the particular reading. In this essaysuch abilities are divided into different categories according to the different phases in the comprehension process in which they are active. And, on the other hand, it is explained how the abilities ＂shrink＂ step by step in the highlighted scopes of vision which the examiners keep narrowing as they work into each new stage of question designing. With examples, then, opinions are put forward on how to focus question designsrespectively onthe differentkinds of reading abilities, what problems to watch for and what policies and techniques to adopt. All these discussions will hopefully contribute to establishment of more reasonable principles for reading comprehensiontest paper making and standards for its appraisal, which are both to be aimed at thinking competence evaluation.