西安地区门诊及住院病例中副流感病毒流行特征分析

Epidemiology study from outpatients and inpatients of parainfluenza virus in Xi'an area

目的分析陕西省西安地区门诊和住院病例中副流感病毒（PIV）流行特征。方法采集西安市6家医院1 346例呼吸道感染病例的咽拭子标本,进行PIV核酸检测。结果 PIV总体阳性率为6.17%。住院病例与门诊病例比较,阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ2=25.759,P〈0.05）。门诊病例各季节PIV阳性率差异无统计学意义;住院病例在夏季阳性率最高,各季节阳性率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。所有年龄组间阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ2=15.121,P〈0.05）,1岁~3岁年龄组高发,且以PIV2感染为主。PIV阳性病例中存在20.48%的混合感染,其中男性住院病例和女性门诊病例较多,小年龄组多见。感染PIV的病例诊断为肺炎居多（56.62%）,以PIV3感染为主。结论西安地区PIV感染多在夏季、秋季,在1岁~3岁和19岁~60岁组多发,在住院病例中尤其高发,且男性病例混合感染较多,应加强住院呼吸道病例的卫生防护。

Objective To analyze epidemiology feature of para influenza virus（ PIV） from outpatients and inpatients in Xi＇an of Shaanxi. Methods We collected throat swab samples of 1 346 respiratory infection cases from six hospitals in Xi＇an area. Results The total positive rate of PIV was 6. 17%. There was no statistical significance on the difference of PIV positive rates among all seasons; the highest positive rate of inpatients in summer was observed,and there was statistical significance on the differences of the positive rates in different seasons（ P 0. 05）. The difference of the positive rate in all age groups showed statistical significance（ χ2= 15. 121,P 0. 05）,especially in 1-3 age group and PIV2 was the main pathogen. There was20. 48% co-infection existed in positive cases. Male inpatients and female outpatients obtained co-infection more easily,also in younger groups. 56. 62 % PIV infected-cases were diagnosed as pneumonia and PIV3 often occurred. Conclusion PIV was prevalent in summer and autumn in Xi＇an area. 1-3 year-old kids and 19-60 year-old group were susceptible population for PIV infection,especially in inpatients. Young males who were inpatients obtained polyinfection more easily,so the health protection of respiratory tract cases in hospital should be strengthened.