浅析近代中国国族构建的过程及其传统情感

A Brief Analysis on Process of Modern China's Nation Construction and Its Traditional Emotion

近代中国从西方社会认识到具有现代内涵的民族、国家观念后,就逐步构建具有现代意义的民族国家,从康有为的大中国观、梁启超的大民族主义到杨度的大中国主义,从孙中山的反满、排满到五族共和再到新中华主义,最后被蒋介石的宗族观所继承,这之中暗含的是对国族主义的不同理解。在国族主义构建过程中,中国传统文化的影响一直存在,尤其是华夷之别、天下一统思想深刻影响着近代中国国族主义的构建。中国传统的夷夏之别一方面注重夷夏之间的互变,另一方面又强调夷夏之间的对立;而天下一统指导下的大一统格局为中国向近代民族国家过渡提供了一个国家框架。

In modern China,state with modern significance was gradually constructed after the notion of ethnic and country were introduced from western society. From Kang Youwei＇s ＂Grand Concept of Whole China＂,Liang Qichao＇s ＂Grand Nationalism＂to Yangdu＇s ＂Grand Status Doctrine＂,from Sun Yisen＇s ＂Expelling the Ruling Manchus＂ to ＂Republicanism of Five Nationalities＂to the ＂New Chinese Doctrine＂,finally it was inherited by Chiang Kaishek＇s ＂clansman identity＂,which implies the different understanding of nation doctrine. In the process of modern China＇s Nation construction,the influence of traditional factors always existed,especially the differentiation of China and Foreign,national unification thought had profound impact on the construction of modern China＇s Nation. On one hand,the differentiation of China and Foreign lays stress on the communication between them; on the other hand,the opposition between them,and great unification which under the guidance of National Unification Thought provides a framework of state for China to the transition of the modern Nation- state.