从操控论看葛浩文的“改写”给中国文学“走出去”的启示

A Study of Howard Goldblatt's rewriting and the light shed on the “going out” of Chinese literature from the perspective of Manipulation Theory

随着"走出去"战略的提出,翻译作为文学"走出去"的必要途径越来越受到人们的关注。中国文学应以怎样的姿态"走出去"引发了译界的思考。美国当代汉学家、翻译家葛浩文的翻译可以说是中国文学"走出去"的成功案例。本文从文学操控论的角度分析其翻译中饱受争议的"改写"现象,重申"改写"是文学翻译的本质,是符合文学发展与传播规律的行为,译者有必要认识这一"规律",顺势而为,方可延续作品在异域的生命。此外,葛浩文也代表了中国文学外译的一种成功的译者模式,表明当前由西方汉学家来承担中国文学"走出去"的译介工作具有可行性和必要性。同时,本文还提出:译者有必要对"改写"现象正确认识,合理发挥译者主体性,做个既尊重作者又关怀读者的"改写者";文学赞助人应当对译者与翻译过程施加方向正确的影响,多做有益文学译介的决策。

As the ＂Going Out＂ strategy is put forward,translation,the necessary way of ＂going out＂ of Chinese literature,has been receiving more attention. How should Chinese literature be presented to the outside world？ The field of translation is reflecting on the question. Howard Goldblatt is a contemporary American sinologist and translator. His translation is regarded as a successful case of＂going out＂of China literature. From the perspective of manipulation theory,this paper analyzes rewritings in his translation which has been controversial for a long time,and reiterated that ＂rewriting＂ is the nature of literary translation and is in line with the rule of development and dissemination of literature. Thus,it is necessary for translators to be familiar with the＂rule＂and comply with it so as to be able to continue the life of literary works in foreign lands. In addition,Howard Goldblatt also represents a successful translator model for the translation of Chinese literature,which indicates that in the course of＂going out＂,it is feasible and necessary to have Western sinologists as major translators of Chinese literature. Meanwhile,this paper also brings forward that it is necessary for a translator to understand ＂rewriting＂,reasonably bring the translator＇s subjectivity into full play,and become a rewriter who always shows respect to the authors while thinking about the readers. And the literary patronage shall exert well- directed influence on translators and translation process and make more beneficial decisions for literary translation.