豫南黑猪及其杂交后代肉质性状及营养成分特性研究

The Genetic Characteristics of Meat Quality and Nutritional Components of Yunan Black Pig and its Hybrid Pigs

在相同饲养管理条件下,利用杜洛克、巴克夏和苏太猪分别与豫南黑猪开展杂交试验,以纯种豫南黑猪为对照,分析三种杂交F1代猪肉常规肉质性状、营养成分、氨基酸组成、必需氨基酸评分及脂肪酸组成情况。结果表明:豫南黑猪纯种繁育后代的肌内脂肪、5种鲜味氨基酸和8种必需氨基酸的含量均高于其它杂交组合,但差异不显著(P>0.05);豫南黑猪及其三种杂交组合F1代常规肉质指标表现优良,其中与杜洛克杂交显著增大了眼肌面积(P<0.05),与巴克夏杂交显著提高了熟肉率(P<0.05),与苏太猪杂交显著提高了肌肉嫩度(P<0.05);不同杂交组合对猪肉中氨基酸的含量影响不显著(P>0.05)。在四个杂交群体的背最长肌中,5种饱和脂肪酸含量各杂交组合间差异不显著(P>0.05),但与苏太猪杂交后代6种不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于其它杂交组合(P<0.05)。豫南黑猪肉质优良,其鲜味氨基酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量丰富,与苏太猪杂交后的肉质综合效果好,与杜洛克和巴克夏杂交后的肉质性状突出,为豫南黑猪进一步开发利用提供一定的理论依据和技术支持。

The paper aims to analyze the characteristics of meat traits and nutrient components of Yunan Black pig and its three kinds of hybrids.The hybridization investigations between American Duroc boar,Berkshire boar,Sutai sow with Yunan Black pig were conducted under the same feeding condition,with Yunan Black pigs being the control.The common meat quality traits and nutrition status as well as amino acid score were measured and assessed,and the composition of amino acids and fatty acids of longissimus dorsi of three sorts of F1 intercross populations were identified.The results showed that the intramuscular fat in muscle,five fresh flavors amino acids and eight essential amino acids of Yunan Black pig were all higher than that of the hybrid offspring（P〉0.05）.Yunan Black pig and its three kinds of F1 hybrids have good quality in common meat traits but with different heterosis.Loin eye area increased significantly when hybridizing with Duroc（P〈0.05）,cooked meat percentage improved significantly（P〈0.05）when intercrossing with Berkshire while cutting force declined remarkable when crossing with Sutai pigs（P〈0.05）.The contents of amino acids in four groups were consistent with each other without significant difference（P〉0.05）.There was no significant difference for five sorts of saturated fatty acids in all four groups（P〉0.05）.Crossbreeding effect of Sutai pig with Yunan black pig was the best of all for contents of six species of unsaturated fatty acids of F1individuals（P〈0.05）.Yunan Black pig had good meat quality for its rich,fresh flavor amino acid and unsaturated fatty acid.The effect on the crossbred of Sutai pig with Yunan Black pig came out to be excellent,while certain meat trait effect of crossbreeding between Duroc or Berkshire boar and Yunan Black pig was meritorious.The results of this study could provide some theoretical support and guidance for the development of Yunan Black pig production.