河北省不同地区肉牛场的环境检测与分析

Investigation and Analysis on Beef Cattle Farm Environment in Different Regions of Hebei Province

选择了河北省4个地区6种有代表性建筑类型的肉牛舍,对夏季和冬季舍内外的环境因素(空气温度、相对湿度、风速、光照和噪音)进行了检测。结果表明,夏季平原丘陵地区牛舍的温度均达到29℃以上,各地区牛舍内和牛舍外均未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05),冬季各牛舍的舍内平均温度显著高于舍外(P<0.05)。冬季燕北山区牛舍的湿度较高,接近或超过80%,而平原丘陵地区的牛舍湿度只有59%,除敞棚式牛舍(沧州)均表现出差异显著(P<0.05)。舍内光照和噪音基本符合我国的相关标准,但夏季舍内风速偏低。综合分析牛舍的各项环境参数,建议河北省肉牛舍夏季配置防暑降温设施,且冬季要尽量减少舍内的湿度。

Six styles of beef houses from four regions in Hebei province were selected to investigate the indoor and outdoor environment（ambient temperature-Ta,relative humidity-RH,wind speed-SW,spilluminance and noise）in winter and summer.The results show that the indoor Ta in plain and upland regions averaged to above 29℃in summer,and no significant difference was observed for both indoor and outdoor Ta in different regions（P〉0.05）,while the indoor Ta in winter was significantly higher than that of the outdoor（P〈0.05）.Indoor RH in Yanbei mountainous regions was higher,reaching 80% and beyond,compared to RH of only 59%in plain and upland regions,all of which show significant difference（P〈0.05）except the open house in Cangzhou.In addition,indoor spilluminance and noise in all houses were accorded with relative criterion in China;however,indoor SW was low in summer.By the comprehensive analysis of investigated environmental parameters,it was suggested that facilities of heat control should be considered in summer and the indoor humidity should be lowered in winter.