宁波地区不同规模猪场粪便中重金属含量分析

Content Analysis of Heavy Metals in Manure Samples from Different Scales of Pig Farms in Ningbo City

试验对宁波地区大型、中型、小型三家猪场中大猪、中猪、保育猪粪便进行随机抽样,检测其中的铜、锌、铁、砷、汞、铅、镉重金属含量,根据农业部有机肥料行业标准NY525-2012和德国腐熟堆肥对重金属的限量标准进行分析。结果表明:(1)铜超标率达到83.3%,不同规模不同类型猪粪中铜含量差异显著(P<0.05),其中小型规模猪场不同类型猪粪中铜含量均最高,大型猪场次之,中型猪场最低(P<0.05);锌超标率达100%,不同规模猪场大猪粪中锌含量差异显著,小型猪场显著高于大型猪场(P<0.05),大型猪场显著高于中型猪场(P<0.05),中猪粪中锌含量无显著差异,大型猪场和小型猪场保育猪粪中锌含量显著高于中型猪场(P<0.05);猪粪中铁的平均含量达2861.7mg/kg,不同规模猪场大猪粪中铁含量显著高于中型和小型猪场,中猪粪中铁含量差异不显著,保育猪粪中铁含量差异显著(P<0.05),其中小型猪场最高,大型猪场次之,中型猪场最低;(2)不同规模猪场不同类型猪粪中汞含量存在差异显著,均未超标,中型猪场中猪和保育猪粪中汞含量超标;砷、铅、镉含量均未超标。不同规模猪场猪粪重金属含量差异较大,小型猪场猪粪中铜、锌、铁含量明显高于其他两个猪场。不同生长阶段猪粪便中重金属含量有差别,保育猪粪便中铜、锌、镉含量较高。试验结果表明:养猪业中应控制饲料中微量元素添加量,加强粪便无害化处理,降低土壤的重金属污染,从而减轻对环境的负担。

Manure samples of finishing,growing and nursery pigs were collected from pig farms of different scales in Ningbo.The contents of copper（Cu）,zinc（Zn）,iron（Fe）,arsenic（As）,mercury（Hg）,lead（Pb）and cadmium（Cd）were detected and analyzed according to the professional standard of organic fertilizer in China and Germany.The data suggests that the mean content of Fe in samples is 2861.7mg/kg,the content of Zn in all manure samples exceeded the standard content,while the contents of Cu and Hg exceeded the standard by 83.3% and 29.2%respectively.The As,Pb and Cd contents in all samples were all lower than the standard.The content of heavy metals in pig farms of different scales varies,for instance,the content of Cu,Zn and Fe in samples from small scale pig farms were higher than the others.It also shows that the content of Cu,Zn and Cd in samples from nursery pigs were higher than those from other pigs.The results indicate that measures such as controlling microelements in feedstuff,enhancing the processing of pig manure,and reducing heavy metal pollution on soil should be taken so as to alleviate the burden of pig industry on the environment.