海南夏季羊舍小气候环境分析

Analysis of Microclimatic Environment in Goat Shed in Hainan during Summer

为了评价热带地区舍饲羊舍内小气候环境条件,选用34只成年海南黑山羊于海南夏季高温季节（5月末~8月末）开展饲养试验,测定不同饲养密度下羊舍空气温湿度、个体生长性能和生理指标。结果表明：双坡顶单列式高床羊舍内平均温度与羊舍外界环境温度差异不大（P〉0.05）,但舍内温度稍低于羊舍外界环境约1~3℃;羊舍外界环境相对空气湿度显著低于中高饲养密度的舍内湿度（P〈0.05）;在整个试验期间,温湿度指数测算结果反映试验羊处于中度热应激状态;高温季节不同饲养密度的舍饲养殖对羊干物质采食量、直肠温度和脉搏影响不显著（P〉0.05）。但在高饲养密度下,羊平均日增重显著低于低饲养密度的个体（P〈0.05）,呼吸频率也较中低饲养密度的个体明显加快（P〈0.05）。因此,双坡顶单列式高床羊舍小气候基本满足环境能够满足肉羊生产需要,适宜在海南推广使用。在高温季节需加强通风降温,同时要调整合理饲养密度。

In order to evaluate the microclimatic environment of the goat shed in tropical area,thirtythree adult Hainan black goats were used to examine the growth performance and physiological indices,and the temperature and humidity in goat house were also measured in this study.The feeding experiment was carried out in summer in Hainan（the end of May to the end of August）.The results showed that the inner temperature of goat shed with double slope and slatted floor had no significant difference compared with that of the external environment.The inside temperature was 1~3 ℃lower than the outside.The outside relative humidity was significantly lower than the inner shed with high and medium stocking density（P〈0.05）.During the whole trial,all goats were in the medium heat-stress according to the calculation results of THI.There was no significant difference in dry matter intake,rectal temperature and pulse rate for goats at different stocking densities in hot summer.However,the average daily gain under the high feeding density was lower（P〈0.05）.The breathing rate also increased significantly.In conclusion,the microclimatic environment of goat shed with double slope and slatted floor is basically in accordance with biological needs of goats,and this type of goat house is suitable to popularize in Hainan.In addition,it is noteworthy that the ventilation cooling and reasonable feeding density is needed in hot summer.