梵净山不同植被类型下土壤养分的差异

Difference of Soil Nutrients under Different Vegetation Type in Fanjing Mountain Nature Reserve

为给梵净山自然保护区生态环境保护、植被可持续性建设与管理提供一定的参考资料和理论依据,通过野外实地调查、采样和室内分析相结合的方法,分析梵净山乔木林、灌木林、草地、竹林4种植被类型下土壤养分含量差异性特征。结果表明：梵净山土壤pH为4.33-5.36,为较强酸性,随土层深度增加,土壤pH逐渐增大;植被对土壤养分具有表聚效应,不同植被覆盖下表层土壤有机质、氮素、磷素含量均高于深层土壤;灌木林各层有机质、氮素、磷素、钾素含量较高于其他植被类型,由于灌木林地种群丰富,潮湿的地表环境条件有利于微生物对有机质的分解。高郁闭度下土壤径流、淋溶损失减少,所以土壤养分元素更易聚集。

The difference characteristics of soil nutrients under four vegetation types of arbor forest,shrub forest,grassland and bamboo forest in Fanjing Mountain Nature Reserve was analyzed by the combination of field survey,sampling and indoor analysis to provide a certain reference data and theoretical basis for ecological environment protection,vegetation sustainable construction and management of Fanjing Mountain Nature Reserve.Results：pH of the soil is 4.33-5.36 and soil pH increases gradually with increase of soil depth.Vegetation is of the surface accumulation effect to soil nutrients and the organic matter,nitrogen and phosphorus content in topsoil is higher than those in deep soil under different vegetation types.The content of organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in different soil layers of shrub forest is higher than other vegetation types because the abundant microorganism population and humid surface environment condition are beneficial to decompose organic matter.Less runoff and leaching loss of the soil under high canopy density is beneficial to accumulate soil nutrient elements more easily.