新疆生产建设兵团少数民族棉农采用机采棉的意愿影响因素与存在问题

Factors of Influencing Minority Farmers' Machine-harvest Cotton Willingness and Existing Problems in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

为促进新疆少数民族聚居区的农业经济发展提供政策参考,基于对新疆生产建设兵团第三师375位维吾尔族棉农的调查数据,分析少数民族棉农采用机采棉意愿的影响因素,探讨其采用机采棉存在的问题,并提出相应的对策建议。结果表明:少数民族棉农的文化程度及家庭农业种植面积与其采用机采棉的意愿呈正相关,棉农的年龄和家庭劳动力数量与其采用机采棉的意愿呈负相关,男性棉农采用机采棉的意愿强于女性棉农。机采棉的经济效益不显著、政府扶持力度不足、棉农自身文化素质较低与棉农的土地规模较小是阻碍少数民族棉农采用机采棉的主要问题。应加强对机采棉的政策扶持,加强对棉农的教育与培训、信息服务与技术指导,并积极树立示范户,加大适宜机采棉的棉花品种培育和采棉机技术研发。

The authors analyze the factors to influence the machine-harvest cotton willingness of minority cotton farmers based on the survey data from 375 Uyghur cotton farmers in the Third Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps to discuss existing problems in application of machine-harvest cotton technology and provide a reference for agricultural economic development in Xinjiang minority nationality communities. Results. The education level and agricultural cultivation area positively relate to the machine-harvest cotton willingness. Farmers age,labor force in a family and the machine-harvest cotton willingness was negatively correlated. The machine-harvest cotton willingness of male cotton farmers is higher than that of female cotton farmers. The main existing problems in application of machine-harvest cotton technology are the non-significant economic benefit, insufficient government support force, lower self-cultural quality and smaller land scale in a family. The corresponding countermeasures of strengthening policy support, enhancing education and training, providing information service and technical guidance, positively building demonstration households, accelerating breeding of cotton varieties to be suitable for machine-harvest cotton and development of machine-harvest cotton technology are proposed to improve cotton farmers＇ machine-harvest cotton willingness in cotton production.