中国工业机器人在全球价值链的地位及变化趋势

The Position and Trend of China's Robot in Global Value Chain

以低要素成本嵌入全球价值链,是中国许多产业快速扩张的成功经验,但同时也带来低端锁定的风险。本文采用Kaplinsky升级指数和出口技术复杂度指数等方法,对中国工业机器人产业在全球价值链当中的真实地位及其变化趋势进行研究,测算结果显示:尽管中国工业机器人出口产品在不断升级,出口技术复杂度指数也在不断上升,但与发达国家相比,仍处于全球价值链的低端位置。本文的研究结果认为,中国工业机器人产业应借鉴韩国的成功经验,在以低要素成本优势为依托成功嵌入全球价值链体系之后,及时转向以规模经济优势为依托,进行重点研发和突破,最终实现向全球价值链高端爬升的目标。

In this paper,Kaplinsky Upgrade Index and the Export Technical Complexity Index are calculated to demonstrate the upgrading trend and the current position of China＇s robot in the global value chain. Firstly,there were 13% of China＇s exported robot upgraded,and the other 3% of products degraded from 2010 to 2013. Secondly,although China＇s Export Technical Complexity Index of robots is on the rise,it is still lower than the indexes of the United States and South Korea,indicating that China＇s robots are still at the low-end of the global value chain. Thirdly,in terms of the export price index,the intermediate goods of China＇s robots are still remained at the relative low-end compared with the developed countries. Fourthly,the positions in the global value chain of the 7 categories of China＇s robots are different,and 3 categories including multifunction robots are higher than the others. Fifthly,the South Korea＇s robots are outstanding in the global value chain,especially the electrical resistor robot for auto line. China＇s robots industry should learn from the successful experience of South Korea,after successfully embedding the global value chain system relying on the low-cost advantages,timely shifting to advantage of scale economy,and ultimately climbing to the high end value chain.