结核病疫苗研发面临的挑战

Challenges in tuberculosis vaccine development

结核病（tuberculosis，TB）是由结核杆菌（Mycobacteriumtuberculosis，Mtb）引起的传染病，每年有近1000万例TB新发病例，150万人死于TB。卡介苗是唯一能够为婴幼儿提供保护作用的疫苗，但它却不能预防成年人TB以及控制TB流行。随着耐多药TB的播散和Mtb／HIV双重感染人数的不断上升，在世界范围内控制TB的形势变得愈发严峻。新疫苗的研发是TB防治的重要内容之一，目前全世界已有至少15种TB候选疫苗进入临床试验。此外，适宜的动物模型也将对新型疫苗研发以及宿主抗TB免疫机制研究起重要作用。

Tuberculosis （TB） is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis （Mtb）. There are nearly 10 million new cases and 1. 5 million deaths from TB each year. Bacillus Calmette Gufirin （BCG） is the only available TB vaccine that can provide protection for infants. How- ever, BCG can not protect adults against TB or control prevalence of TB. With the spreading of multiple drug-resistant TB and the increase of Mtb/HIV co-infected patients, the situation of TB control around the world becomes more serious. Developing new vaccines is an important part for preventing and controlling TB. Currently, at least 15 candidate vaccines have entered clinical trials. Furthermore, suitable animal model also plays a pivotal role in developing novel TB vaccines, as well as studying the immunological mechanism of host responses against Mtb.