从个体情绪到总体性情绪的跃迁:中国城镇居民工作环境满意度实证研究

Transition from Individual Mood to Aggregated Mood: An Empirical Study on Satisfaction of Working Conditions among Urban Residents

工作环境研究早已在西方国家广泛兴起,并且在数量上已初具规模,但学界在概念、测量与理论发展等方面的认识仍有局限,甚至还存在不少误解。正因如此,本文采用2015年"全国社会态度与社会发展状况调查"的数据,试图构建以客观工作环境、组织工作环境和主观心理环境三维度组成的工作环境满意度量表,由此探寻我国城镇居民的工作环境状况。分析发现,我国城镇居民工作环境满意度较高,但工作时间超长、工作自主性较小、工作压力大等问题凸显;城镇居民的工作环境满意度在年龄、个人收入、就职单位等方面存在显著差异。此外,本文还从社会宏观层面考察了城镇居民的工作环境满意度与其在生活质量等各方面的主观感受,并从其间的关联上分析发现,城镇居民的工作环境满意度与其社会满意度、生活满意度、社会参与和社会分层均存在不同程度的显著关联。

Researches on working condition started in the 'European Working Conditions Survey ',launched in 1990. A good many researches have been conducted and published,but the knowledge of the concepts, surveys, and theoretical development is still very limited, which even causes some misunderstanding. Therefore,based on the 2015 'National Social Attitude and Social Development Survey' data, we constructed a framework of working condition satisfaction to study the working conditions of the urban dwellers in China. This framework consists of three factors: objective working conditions; organizational working conditions; and subjective psychological conditions. In the research,we found that urban dwellers had higher satisfaction with working conditions,but long working hours,less job autonomy and more stress at work; moreover,these characteristics represent striking differences among the urban dwellers in view of differences of age,income,and employment. With regard to the influence of working conditions on life quality and individuals' subjective perception of urban life,we also found that the urban dwellers' satisfaction level of working conditions had significant relevance to their levels of social satisfaction,life satisfaction,social involvement,and social stratification.