市场化对经济领域性别差距的影响研究(1990—2010年)

A Study on the Impact of Marketization on Gender Gap of Economic Participation and Opportunity( 1990- 2010)

本文利用1990—2010年"中国妇女社会地位调查"数据,分析了经济领域性别差距的变化趋势及市场化的影响。研究发现,二十年来中国经济参与度指数以2000年为拐点,经历了先提高后降低的倒U型动态变化,经济领域性别差距总体缩小了0.90个百分点。在控制其他因素条件下,市场化可显著扩大经济领域性别差距,而提高女性平均受教育年限及其在机关事业单位就业比例,可显著缩小经济领域性别差距。建议国家继续加大对高等教育的投入力度、促进机关事业单位女性职业发展、加强劳动力市场监管,为女性平等参与经济发展、缩小性别差距创造良好的社会环境。

Based on the data from the First,Second and Third Surveys on the Status of Chinese Women,this paper analyzed the tendency of change of gender gap in economic participation and the impact of marketization on it. We found that the year of 2000 was a turning point of the economic participation index in the last 20 years,during which it had witnessed a downturn after an upturn as an inverted U-curve,the gender gap in economic participation had shrunk 0. 9 per cent. This paper argues that marketization can significantly enlarge the gender gap in economic participation and opportunity with the control of other factors. However,with the increase in average years of women's education and the ratio of employment in government organizations and institutions,there will be a significant decrease in the risks of gender gap in economic participation and opportunity. To enhance the participation of women in economic development and create a better social environment to reduce the gender gap,it is suggested that the government should increase investment in higher education continually,promote the career development of women in government organizations and institutions,and strengthen the supervision of labor market.