对青海湖北岸部分地区嵩草的调查研究

Investigation on Kobresia in the part area of northern coast of Qinghai Lake

通过对青海湖北岸海拔 30 0 0～ 35 0 0m部分地区不同类型嵩草属植物的调查分析表明 :在沼泽草甸上西藏嵩草 (Kobresiatibetica)、矮生嵩草 (K humilis)及其它莎草科牧草生长良好 ,但由于沼泽草甸潮湿 ,绵羊对这些牧草利用差 ,牛、马利用较好 ;山地干草原草场不适宜嵩草属植物生长 ,仅分散着少量大花嵩草 (K macrantha) ,经济价值不大 ;在大片的撂荒地中几乎完全没有嵩草属牧草 ;在山地草原化草甸草场上 ,以矮生嵩草、短轴嵩草(K prattii)、线叶嵩草 (K capillifolia)及禾本科牧草为优势种 ,豆科牧草相应增加、杂类草相应减少 ,为最佳放牧场 ,各类牲畜均能很好地采食 ;在高寒草甸草场上 ,高山嵩草 (K pygmaea)为绝对的优势种 ,因植株矮小 ,牛、马利用差 ,绵、山羊则能很好地利用。盲目开垦。

Different pasture types of Kobresia in northern coast Qinghai Lake with an elevation 3 000～5 000 m were investigated and analyzed.The result showed that on the alpine swamp rangeland , Kobresia tibeica,K humilis and other Cyperaceae family plants grew well,they are well used by cattle and horse except sheep due to the damp of the swamp;on the mountainous pastureland, Kobresia species were not suitable to grew,except for some scattering K macrantha with few economic value;on the abandoned land,there almost wasn't any Kobresia species;on the mountainous pastured meadow rangeland, K humilis,K prattii,K capillifolia and grass were dominant,with legume increasing and forbs decreasing;they are best for grazing pasture,and all kinds of livestock could intake well;on the alpine meadow , K pygmaea was dominant absolutely,it can be used well by sheep and goat, but cattle and horse not because of its short stem It is considered that blindly cultivating,overgrazing and untimingly grazing are the main reasons for causing pasture degeneration