坚守粮食定价权:中国应对国际粮价波动之法律机制研究

The Protection for Grain Pricing Right: the legal Mechanism for the Fluctuation of International Grain Price in China

2008年美国金融危机以来,国际粮价经常高位波动。近期厄尔尼诺效应加上跨国粮商有意操纵,国际粮价异常波动现象更为严重。我国正在走向国际化,粮食市场会逐渐与国际接轨,国内粮价也会受国际粮价波动的影响,时刻关乎国计民生。粮食定价权强调在市场决定的前提下,政府与粮食生产经营者博弈共进,维持粮食供需平衡,把握粮价变动的基本趋势,应对跨国粮商等引发的国际粮价波动,保障整体粮食安全。我国正在制定《粮食法》,必须设计特有的法律机制,从基础机制(粮食价格支持体系)、动力机制(储备粮吞吐调节、粮食进出口调节、粮食期货市场调节)、保障机制(安全网计划)等层面加以详细规定,从基本法层面应对国际粮价波动,坚守粮食定价权。粮食定价权研究是粮食法学研究的前沿领域,对价格法学的发展也有裨益。

The international grain price always fluctuates from the American financial crisis in2008. Nino phenomenon and the wire-pulling of multinational grain merchants make the problem of pricing fluctuation more serious. China is struggling for the internationalization,which gets the internal grain market close to the international grain market. The grain price is influenced by the international grain price,which should never be treated lightly because of the relations with people＇s livelihood all the time. Grain pricing right requires government and grain producers and traders to struggle for safeguarding co-ordination of grain supply and demand,which could keep the basic trend of grain price,get response to the fluctuation of grain price by multinational grain merchants and safeguard the whole grain security. The legislation on Grain Act should have special legal mechanism about the basic mechanism,the promoting mechanism and the safeguard mechanism. The basic mechanism is the grain-price support system. The promoting mechanism includes the grain reserve,the grain imports and exports and the grain futures exchange. The safeguard mechanism is the safe-net plan. This basic law will get response to the fluctuation of international grain price and protect for grain pricing right in China. Research on grain pricing right is the frontier domain of the science of grain law,and it also does help to the development of the science of price law.