公羊学新变与近代小说的国家想象

Gongyang Study and National Imagination in New Novel

"新中国"的建构和想象,是20世纪中国文学发展的重要起点和原动力。这不仅来源于域外思想和文类的导入,也深受晚清儒学新变的影响。作为文人时代遗产的公羊学,从重拾"张三世"到创构大同乌托邦,检验了儒学容纳新知的限度,也激发近代小说集中指向现代国家理想政制的创构。围绕"未来"和"纪年","新中国"叙事重构了现代时空秩序,取旧邦新命为改制诉求,以"家-国-大同"为超越路径,在模仿西方政制、科学的基础上,借助儒学激变所演绎之内在超越精神,重塑了流行的民族国家话语。作为现代"中国梦"的开端,近代小说的国家想象,展现出儒家知识人对西方现代性最初的反省,表达了以文明的、普世的、道德的尺度重构现代国家设计的高远理想。

The imagination of ＂New China＂, is the important starting point and driving force of development of Chinese literature in 20th century.With the ending of the era of Chinese traditional literati, a new and forward-looking Confucian Utopian World comes into being. It inherits the rich cultural heritage of Chinese literati, involveing both the three phased theory of Gongyang study and the idea of Great Harmony. New China narrative literature reconstructs the time-space order in modern times, and by holding the realization of ＂an Old State with a New Destiny＂ as its appeal of reform, and ＂Family-Country-Great Harmony＂ as its transcendence path, it consequently remodels the popular nation-state discourse. As the beginning of China Dream, the imagination of the state of China revealed in modern novels manifests Chinese Confucian intellectuals＇ initial reflections on Western modernism and expresses their noble ideal of reconstructing a modern society based on the standards of civilization, popularity and moral.