硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀影响因素及防腐技术的研究进展

Research Progress in Influencing Factors of Corrosion by Sulfate-reducing Bacteria and Corresponding Antisepsis Techniques

微生物对金属材料的腐蚀现象广泛存在于土壤、空气、海洋和油田等环境下,其中硫酸盐还原菌是最重要的一种腐蚀微生物,因此对金属材料硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀现象的深入研究有着重要意义。简单介绍了硫酸盐还原菌的生理特征和腐蚀机理。重点阐述了硫酸盐还原菌对金属材料腐蚀过程的影响因素,包括材料因素(合金的成分、成分含量、组织结构等)、环境因素(Cl-、Fe2+、磁场、温度等)及其他因素(p H、含氧量、CO2、流速等)。详细综述了控制微生物腐蚀的3种方法(物理方法、化学方法和生物方法)及其防腐机理,为防腐蚀工艺提供理论基础,并认为生物技术防腐方式具有较好的发展前景。最后,总结了目前微生物腐蚀研究存在的一些问题,并提出环境因素和力学因素共同作用下的微生物腐蚀机理是未来腐蚀研究发展方向的核心。

The corrosion phenomenon of metal materials is quite common,which is widely found in soil,air,marine and oil fields,and sulfate reducing bacteria（ SRB） is one of the most important kind of corrosion-causing microorganisms. Therefore,it is of great significance to study the corrosion caused by SRB in metal materials. The physiological characteristics and corrosion mechanism of SRB were introduced. The effects of material factors（ composition of alloy,composition content,organization structure etc.）,environmental factors（ chloride ions,iron ions,magnetic field and temperature etc.） and other factors（ p H,oxygen content,CO2,flow velocity etc.） on metal material corrosion caused by SRB were analyzed. Three kinds of control measures against microbial corrosion（ physical methods,chemical methods and biological methods） and their mechanisms were introduced in detail,providing a theoretical basis for the corrosion prevention process,and biological methods were considered to have good development prospects. The existing problems in microbial corrosion study were summarized and the microbial corrosion mechanism by environmental factors and mechanical factors was considered as the core of future development.