油气管道CO_2/H_2S腐蚀及防护技术研究进展

Research Progress of CO_2/H_2S Corrosion in Oil and Gas Pipelines and the Protection Techniques

CO2和H2S是油气管道中主要的腐蚀介质,两者往往同时存在于原油和天然气之中,是造成油气输送管道内腐蚀发生的主要原因之一,甚至会导致管道失效、穿孔、泄漏、开裂等现象,严重威胁了管网的安全运行及正常生产。因此CO2和H2S引起的管道腐蚀问题,已成为当前研究的热点问题。针对油气管道日益严重的CO2和H2S腐蚀问题,综述了CO2单独存在、H2S单独存在以及CO2和H2S共同存在三种体系中油气管道的腐蚀过程,得出了在这三种腐蚀体系下油气管道出现的主要腐蚀行为规律以及腐蚀机理。阐述了CO2和H2S共同存在体系下,缓蚀剂、耐蚀性管材、电化学防腐技术、管道内涂层技术等先进的油气管道腐蚀防护技术,并剖析了这些防护措施各自的特点及在实际工程使用中的优势和局限性。最后,展望了CO2和H2S共存体系的进一步研究方向以及更经济、更有效的防腐措施发展前景。

CO2and H2 S are the major corrosion media in oil and gas pipeline,often existing in both crude oil and natural gas.Their presence is one of the main causes for internal corrosion in oil and gas pipelines,and even leads to pipeline failure,perforations,leaks and cracks. It＇s a serious threat to the safe operation of the pipeline network and normal production. So pipeline corrosion problems caused by CO2 and H2S have become a hot issue of current research. For the growing oil and gas pipeline corrosion problems caused by CO2 and H2S,the corrosion behaviors of oil and gas pipelines in CO2 alone,H2S alone and the co-existence of CO2 and H2S system were systematically compared in this paper. The law and mechanism of pipeline corrosion behavior in these three corrosion systems were obtained. And the protection techniques against oil and gas pipeline corrosion were listed,such as corrosion inhibitors,corrosion resistant pipes,electrochemical corrosion technology and pipe coating corrosion protection technology,and the characteristics,advantages and limitations in practical use of these protective measures were analyzed. Furthermore,the outlook about further research directions in CO2 and H2S co-existence system as well as more economical and effective anti-corrosion measures was prospected.