金代品官命妇封赠制度考

A Textual Inquiry into the Regulation of Nominations and Grants for Official-Affiliated Females During the Jin Dynasty

品官命妇封赠制度是金代职官制度的重要组成部分,主要指朝廷根据官员的爵级或官品封赠其母辈尊长和妻辈特定的封号。当品官的官品、勋级、爵位品级不同时,一般以参考爵位品级为主封赠品官命妇。金代一字王、亲王以下爵级正从三品以上官享有封赠三代尊长及妻辈资格,官至正从四品、五品一般仅封赠一代尊长及妻辈。纵向三代母辈尊长,横向母辈的嫡母、庶母、继母,妻辈的正室、次室、续弦,因官员品阶不同受封范围亦不相同。品官命妇制度通过对官僚系统里上层官员的推恩,达到激励品官忠实效命朝廷进而巩固统治的目的。

The regulation of nomination and grant for official-affiliated females is an important part of the officialdom during the Jin Dynasty. Specifically, it refers to the court practices of nominating and granting specific titles to maternal elders, wives and concubines of officials in accordance with the grade or rank of the officials. The officials＇ rank, merit, and grade do differ, which dictates the corresponding grade of nominations and grants for official-affiliated females in this hierarchy. Officials ranked above the Third Grade and royal princes receive nominations and grants to elders, wives and concubines for three generations when the grade is between vice third Pin and the in Jin Dynasty, whereas those ranked below, i. e. , the Fourth and Fifth Grade, normally receive nominations and grants to their elders, wives and concubines for one generation. The range of nominations and grants also differs for maternal elders, legal wife, concubines of father and stepmother, etc. The regulation of nominations and grants for official-affilated females aims to encourage loyal contribution from officials to the court, and to consolidate the royal hierarchy.