论明治维新对日本国家治理现代化的影响及启示

On the Influence and Enlightenment of the Meiji Restoration to the Modernization of the National Governance in Japan

明治新政府从行政管理体制改革、社会成员身份重构、先进知识引入、教育与人才培养、基础设施和军事力量建设等方面对日本传统的国家形态及其治理机制进行重构。明治维新从治理主体及权力重组、中央财政体系建构、主流意识形态建构、经济基础、产业发展与技术进步等方面推动日本国家治理机制的现代化进程。由明治维新开启的日本国家治理机制的现代化虽然给中国带来战略竞争压力,并使日本成为东亚近现代各种冲突、战争和灾难的主要策源地,但也使日本丧失了文化吸引力和道义感召力。中国可以借鉴日本明治维新时期国家治理机制现代化的有益经验,但需吸取其失败教训。

From the introduction of the reform of the administrative system,social member identity reconstruction,advanced knowledge,education and personnel training,infrastructure and military power construction,the new Meiji government reconstructed the governance mechanisms of Japanese traditional state.From the aspects of governance body and power restructuring,the central financial system construction,construction of mainstream ideology,economic base,industrial development and technological progress,The Meiji Reform promoted the modernization ofJapan national governance mechanism.The Meiji Reform has opened the modernization of Japanese national governance mechanism which also made Japan become the main source of war and disaster and lose its cultural and moral appeal.