宿舍环境及其他因素与医学生睡眠质量的关联研究

Associations between dormitory environment/other factors and sleep quality of medical students

目的 了解医学生睡眠质量现状及其相关因素,重点探索宿舍环境与睡眠的关联及途径,为提高医学生睡眠质量提供参考。方法 使用中文版匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）量表和自行编制的问卷,通过分层整群随机抽样对北京市某大学医学院555名本科生的睡眠情况及其可能的影响因素进行调查,采用logistic回归与多水平线性回归分析睡眠的影响因素。结果 512名学生中,149名（29.1%）学生存在睡眠障碍,200名（39.1%）学生认为宿舍睡眠环境对自己睡眠质量干扰较大或一般,对宿舍环境评价越差的学生睡眠质量也越差（γs=-0.310,P〈0.001）。logistic回归分析显示,年级、睡眠规律性等个体因素,学习、就业压力等社会心理因素,以及宿舍睡眠环境因素均为医学生睡眠障碍的相关因素（P〈0.05）。多水平线性回归分析也显示,控制了宿舍层面随机项后,个体对宿舍睡眠环境的主观感知与其睡眠质量存在关联（b=-0.619,P〈0.001）。结论 医学生睡眠质量与生理、社会心理及宿舍环境等因素有关,宿舍环境越好,睡眠质量也越高,故应重视宿舍睡眠环境的营造与改善。

Objective To investigate the sleep quality and related factors among medical students in China, understand the association between dormitory environment and sleep quality, and provide evidence and recommendations for sleep hygiene intervention. Methods A total of 555 undergraduate students were selected from a medical school of an university in Beijing through stratified-cluster random-sampling to conduct a questionnaire survey by using Chinese version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI） and self-designed questionnaire. Analyses were performed by using multiple logistic regression model as well as multilevel linear regression model. Results The prevalence of sleep disorder was 29.1%（149/512）, and 39.1%（200/512） of the students reported that the sleep quality was influenced by dormitory environment. PSQI score was negatively correlated with self-reported rating of dormitory environment （γs=-0.310, P〈0.001）. Logistic regression analysis showed the related factors of sleep disorder included grade, sleep regularity, self-rated health status, pressures of school work and employment, as well as dormitory environment. Results of multilevel regression analysis also indicated that perception on dormitory environment （individual level） was associated with sleep quality with the dormitory level random effects under control （b=-0.619, P〈0.001）. Conclusions The prevalence of sleep disorder was high in medical students, which was associated with multiple factors. Dormitory environment should be taken into consideration when the interventions are taken to improve the sleep quality of students.