不同典型地带性土壤氮素分布特征及其影响因素

Distribution characteristics of soil nitrogen and its influence factors in different typical zonal soils

在野外取样的基础上,研究中国不同典型地带性土壤各形态氮素分布特征及其影响因素.结果表明:垂直地带性土壤中0.5 mol·L^(-1)K_2SO_4提取的提取态总氮、提取态有机氮、吸附氨基酸随取样点海拔的增加而显著增加,且提取态总氮、提取态有机氮和吸附氨基酸平均值都大于水平地带性土壤;水平地带性土壤各形态氮含量随土壤类型的不同而差异显著.土壤吸附氨基酸含量是游离氨基酸的5倍,占提取态有机氮百分比为21.1%,表明吸附氨基酸可能作为土壤有机氮库的一种重要存在形态.相关分析结果表明,垂直地带性土壤中提取态总氮、提取态有机氮、铵态氮、氨基酸态氮均与有机质、全氮呈显著正相关(r=0.57~0.93,P<0.05),但与pH、硝态氮呈显著负相关(r=-0.37^-0.91,P<0.05);水平地带性土壤pH与提取态总氮、硝态氮、有机质、全氮、碱解氮及盐基离子(K^+、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+))呈显著正相关(r=0.36~0.85,P<0.05),与铵态氮、氨基酸态氮呈显著负相关(r=-0.39^-0.81,P<0.05).

On the basis of field soil sampling,this paper investigated the distribution characteristics of soil different nitrogen（ N） forms and its influence factors in the different typical zonal soils. The results showed that the concentrations of soil extractable total N,extractable organic N and adsorbed amino acids extracted with 0.5 mol·L-1 K2SO4 significantly increased along the altitudinal gradient in the different vertical soils,and their mean concentrations were greater than that in the horizontal soils. The concentrations of soil different N forms widely varied with the soil type in the different horizontal soils. On average,the concentration of soil adsorbed amino acids was approximately 5-fold greater than that of the free amino acids,representing 21.1% of soil extractable organic N. It indicated that the soil adsorbed amino acids extracted with the strong salt solution could serve as an important form of soil organic N. Pearson correlation analysis showed that extractable total N,extractable organic N,ammonium and amino acids in vertical soils were positively correlated with soil organic matter and total N（ r = 0.57-0.93,P〈0.05）,but negatively correlated with soil p H and nitrate（ r =-0.37--0.91,P〈0.05）. In the horizontal soils,soil extractable total N,nitrate,organic matter,total N,alkali-hydrolyzable N and cation ions（ e. g. K＋,Ca2＋,Mg2＋） were all positively correlated with soil p H（ r = 0.36-0.85,P〈0.05）,whereas negatively correlated with soil ammonium and amino acids（ r =-0.39--0.81,P〈0.05）.